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Macin t os h U ser’ s G uide Includes setup instr uctions and important health-related infor mation P art II L ear ning P art I Getting Started P art III R eference P art IV Index for Macintosh P ow.
K Apple Computer , Inc. This manual and the software described in it are copyrighted, with all rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual or the software may not be copied, in whole or part, without written consent of Apple, except in the normal use of the software or to make a backup copy of the software.
Contents P reface How to Use This Book xiii Radio and television inter ference xv n P art I Getting Started W ith Y our Computer 1 Chapter 1 Setting Up Y our Macintosh P owerBook 1 Setting up the comp.
n P art II Lear ning Macintosh 31 Chapter 2 W orking on the Desktop 31 Use the trackball 32 P oint 32 Click 33 Press 34 Drag 35 Choose a command 36 Giving orders to your computer 36 Open an icon 37 Lo.
Chapter 4 W orking W ith Disks 69 Insert a floppy disk 70 Floppy disks and hard disks 71 Initialize a disk 72 Copy the contents of a disk 74 T aking care of floppy disks 75 T ake a floppy disk out of .
Using a RAM disk 97 Creating a RAM disk 97 Erasing a RAM disk 98 Resizing or removing a RAM disk 98 Making a RAM disk the startup disk 99 Chapter 7 P ower Management 101 Monitoring the batter y charge.
Chapter 9 Organizing Y our Files 125 Straightening up your files 125 Using folders to organize your files 126 Creating and naming folders 126 Filing documents when you save them 127 Making items easie.
T ur ning off the Empty T rash warning 154 Managing memor y 155 Checking memor y use 155 Making the most of your memor y 155 Adjusting the disk cache 156 Using hard disk space as memor y 157 T ur ning.
W orking with files and folders on other computers 191 Creating a new folder on another computer 191 Changing your password 191 Giving folder ownership to someone else 193 Sharing your own files 193 H.
Connecting a modem 222 Connecting a printer 223 Connecting a mouse or other ADB device 223 Using sound input and output devices 224 Connecting a microphone 224 Sound output devices 225 Adding memor y .
T roubleshooting 239 The PowerBook 239 P ower 241 The Screen 243 Memor y 244 SC SI devices 244 Disk drives and disks 245 Modems 248 Printers 248 Networks 250 Application programs 251 Appendix A K eybo.
Appendix C Map 263 Setting your location 263 Comparing locations 264 Finding a location 265 Adding or removing a location 266 Adding a location 266 Changing or removing a location 266 n P art IV Index.
How to Use This Book This book has several parts. n Chapter 1 explains how to set up your computer and learn how to use it. n Chapters 2–5 are a tutorial designed for people who have not used a Macintosh computer before. If you are new to the Macintosh, you should read this section of the book before you start your own work.
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Radio and television interference The equipment described in this manual generates, uses, and can radiate radio- frequency energy. If it is not installed and used properly—that is, in strict accordance with Apple’s instructions—it may cause interference with radio and television reception.
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Setting Up Y our Macintosh P owerBook In this chapter m Setting up your computer m Installing system software m Lear ning how to use your computer m T ur ning the computer on and off m Important care .
Setting up the computer Step 1: Plug in the power adapter Plugging in the power adapter recharges the computer’s batter y while you work. Y ou should plug it in now in case the batter y has drained during shipping and storage. s W ar ning: Use only the power adapter that came with your P owerBook computer .
Step 2: Open the display m Slide the latch to the right and lif t up the display . P osition the display at a comfortable viewing angle. Y ou can adjust the angle of the display at any time.
Step 3: T urn on the computer m Open the door to the back panel of your computer . m Press the power button to turn the computer on . The power button has this icon: I Y ou hear a tone when you tur n on the computer . It takes the computer a moment to start up.
m If you see a blinking question mark on your screen, you need to install system software on the computer ’s hard disk. System software includes the programs the computer uses to start itself up. Continue with the section “Installing System Software.
Installing system software System software is a set of programs that your computer uses to start up and operate. T o install system software on your hard disk, follow these steps. Y ou do not need to install system sof tware if you see the Macintosh desktop on your screen when you turn on the computer .
Continuing your work Next you see a message that asks whether you want to continue using your Macintosh. T o continue working or to learn how to use the computer , use the trackball to choose Restart. 1. Place the index and middle fingers of your dominant hand on the trackball and the thumb of the same hand on the lower trackball button .
4. Press and r elease one of the trackball buttons. Both buttons do the same thing. The screen darkens, you hear a sound, and then after a moment the Macintosh desktop appears on the screen. If nothing happens, tr y clicking the word Restart again. Make sure that the tip of the arrow is inside the box with the word Restart.
Y our computer at a glance I Power button Elevation feet ¯ Power adapter port g SCSI port (HDI-30) V Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port ≈ Sound in port - Sound out port P Reset button ¥ Interrupt button.
Learning the basics The P owerBook comes with a tour and a tutorial to help you start using your computer as quickly as possible. m The Macintosh Basics tour teaches the most basic skills you need to master before you can use your computer .
Finding the tour Y our Macintosh Basics tour may be on a floppy disk, or it may be on the computer ’s hard disk. m If the Macintosh desktop appeared on the screen when you first turned on your computer , then the system software and the Macintosh Basics tour were installed on your computer ’s hard disk at the factor y.
2. Being careful not to roll the trackball, pr ess the trackball button twice in quick succession . Now your screen should look like the picture following step 3. If it doesn ’t, tr y steps 1 and 2 again, paying special attention to the following: m Make sure the tip of the arrow is touching the picture, not the words beneath it.
4. Being careful not to roll the trackball, pr ess the trackball button twice in quick succession . Now your screen should look like the following illustration: 5. R oll the trackball to move the arrow over the picture of the man labeled “Macintosh Basics.
6. Press the trackball button twice in quick succession. Now your screen should look like the following picture: If you don ’t see this screen, tr y again, paying special attention to the following: m Make sure the tip of the arrow is touching the picture, not the words beneath it.
Starting the tour from a floppy disk 1. Insert the Macintosh Basics disk into the floppy disk drive (metal end first, label side up). After a moment, your screen should look like this: continues .
2. R oll the trackball to move the arrow over the picture of the man labeled “Macintosh Basics.” Make sure the tip of the arrow is over the picture of the man, not over the words “Macintosh Basics.” 3. Press the trackball button twice in quick succession.
T urning the P owerBook on and off Y our Macintosh PowerBook can be in one of three power states: off, sleep, or on. Off When the P owerBook is off, the computer is not using any power or doing any work. The terms shut down and off both refer to this state.
Sleep When the P owerBook is in sleep, it draws enough power to maintain the information in its memor y (including any open programs and documents). The computer is on, but almost completely inactive. Y ou should put the computer to sleep to conser ve power when you take a work break.
On When the P owerBook is on, you can do your work. T o turn the P owerBook on m If the computer is off, press the power button (mark ed with the icon I ).
20 Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook When you turn on your computer When you turn on your PowerBook, the computer looks on the hard disk inside the computer for the system software it uses to start itself up. (A disk that contains the system software is called a startup disk.
Restarting a computer that’s already on Y ou need to restart your computer—tur n it off and back on again immediately—when you want to make certain changes to your control panels, use a newly installed system software file, or start up the computer from a different disk.
m Hold down the power button for 5 seconds. When you let go, the computer turns itself off. T ur ning the computer off with the power button erases the contents of a RAM disk. m Restart from a floppy disk. 1. Insert the Disk T ools disk into the floppy disk drive.
Important care and safety instr uctions F or your own safety and that of your equipment, read and follow all the instructions in this section. Keep these instr uctions available for reference by you and others. ± W arning m Electrical equipment may be hazardous if misused.
s Caution m If you have a problem with your computer and nothing presented in the manuals that came with the computer solves the problem, take the computer to your authorized Apple dealer or service provider . Attempting to repair the computer yourself may void the limited warranty.
m Do not use the computer in wet or dusty environments. m Keep dirt and liquids away from the ports on the back panel, the keyboard, and the trackball. If you spill any food or liquid onto the computer , shut it down immediately and unplug it before cleaning up the spill.
Health concerns associated with computer use Muscle soreness, eye fatigue, and other discomforts and injuries sometimes associated with computer use can result from perfor ming any number of activities. Misuse of the same muscles during multiple activities can create a problem that might not otherwise exist.
Arranging your work space and equipment The suggestions in this section can help you work more comfortably with your computer . Chair Whenever possible, use an adjustable chair that provides firm, comfortable support.
m If you prefer , you can adjust the angle of the keyboard by rotating the elevation feet at both ends of the back panel until they snap into position. The back of the keyboard is slightly elevated when the feet are in use. Otherwise, the keyboard is level.
General suggestions m Wherever you’re working, take a moment to think about whether you feel comfortable, and change position if necessar y . m Occasionally rest your eyes. F rom time to time focus your eyes on a distant object, and blink often while you work.
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W orking on the Desktop In this chapter Review basic trackball skills: m Moving the pointer m Choosing a command m Opening an icon m Looking at the contents of a window And learn: m How to close a win.
Use the trackball Y our computer has a two-button trackball. Y ou use the ball itself to control the movements of a pointer on the screen. The pointer you’ll see most often is an ar row ( 8 ). Y ou use the buttons to initiate actions that you want the computer to perfor m.
Click Y ou click an object on the screen by pressing and quickly releasing a trackball button while the pointer is over that object. Practice clicking different objects on the Macintosh desktop, such as the startup hard disk icon near the upper -right corner and the T rash icon near the lower-right corner .
P ress Y ou press by holding down a trackball button without moving the trackball. Practice pressing the menu names and icons in the menu bar— start with the Apple ( K ) menu icon at the left side, through the menu names, and across to the Help and Application menu icons at the right side.
Drag Y ou drag an object on the screen by pointing to that object and holding down a trackball button while you roll the trackball. Practice dragging the startup hard disk icon and the T rash icon around the Macintosh desktop. When you drag an icon, an outline of the icon follows the pointer on the screen.
Choose a command Choosing a command involves using a combination of the trackball actions you’ve reviewed. 1. P oint to the Special menu title in the menu bar . 2. Press to pull down the Special menu. 3. Drag to the first item in the menu (the Clean Up Desktop command) so it becomes highlighted, and then release the trackball button.
Open an icon Opening an icon is your first exercise in telling the computer what you want it to do. 1. Click the startup hard disk icon to select it. The icon is in the upper -right corner of the screen. Unless someone has changed its name, the icon is called “Macintosh HD.
Look at the contents of a window Ever y window has several features that help you view the window’s contents. But before you can work with the contents of a window , you need to mak e that window the active window .
4. Drag to the Open command so it becomes highlighted, and then release the trackball button. When you choose the Open command, the T rash icon opens into a window (the T rash window). The T rash icon becomes filled in with a pattern of dots, indicating that it has been opened.
5. Click anywhere in the Macintosh HD window to make it the active window. Notice that the solid lines now appear at the top of the Macintosh HD window . ( The area containing the window title and the solid lines is called the title bar .) When windows overlap, the active window is the one that’s on top.
2. Drag the size box in any direction, and then release the trackball button . While you drag, an outline follows the pointer to indicate the window’s new size. The new size takes effect when you release the trackball button. 3. Click the zoom box near the right end of the title bar .
Move the hidden contents of a window into view As you work with your computer , you’ll encounter windows containing more than you can view on the screen at one time. Y ou can view contents that are out of sight, as described in the following steps. 1.
6. Drag the size box diagonally (up and to the lef t) to make the window about half its current size, and then release the trackball button. The bars across the bottom and along the right side of the System F older window should now be gray, indicating that the window has contents that are not currently visible.
9. Drag the scroll box toward the middle of the horizontal scroll bar , and then release the trackball button . Now you see the icons near the middle of the window . The vertical scroll bar , scroll box, and scroll ar rows work the same way . T r y them.
Move a window Y ou can move a window anywhere on the screen by dragging its title bar . By changing the position and size of windows, you can arrange your Macintosh desktop in whatever way is best for you. 1. P oint to the title bar of the (active) Macintosh HD window .
The window closes, and the Macintosh HD icon reappears in its previous form. The T rash window (the remaining window on the Macintosh desktop) becomes the active window .
Different types of icons represent different types of containers. Hard disks and floppy disks are like filing cabinets. Y ou use disks to store files —your programs and the documents you create with them. Shared disks are like filing cabinets containing office supplies or information that you share with others in your work group.
Documents are files containing words, pictures, numbers, sounds —whatever you create with your programs. The T rash is a container for files that you no longer want. Windows let you see what’s inside containers Windows let you see what’s inside all these containers.
Using the keyboar d Y ou use the keyboard to type text and numbers, just as you would on a typewriter . (F or touch typists, your keyboard has raised dots in the middle of the D key and the K k ey to help position your fingers on the home row .
50 Chapter 2: Working on the Desktop.
51 Creating and Changing a Document In this chapter n How to open a program n How to use a program to create a document n Why it’s important to save your work, and how to save it n How to switch bet.
Open a program Y our computer comes with a simple word-processing program called T eachT ext. Y ou’re going to use this program to create a document. 1. Open the Macintosh HD icon . (Click the icon to select it, and then choose Open from the File menu.
Create a document The untitled window is like a blank sheet of paper . In the upper -left cor ner of the empty document is a blinking vertical line (|). This line is called the insertion point, because it marks the place where the text you type will be inserted.
54 Chapter 3: Creating and Changing a Document 2. T ype “Opening Lines”. Because the word “Untitled” is selected (highlighted) when the dialog box appears, all you have to do to name your document is start typing. Whatever you type replaces the selected text.
2. Make the Finder the active program by clicking the Macintosh HD icon , or clicking anywher e on the desktop outside the Opening Lines window . The Finder becomes the active program. Notice: n The Macintosh HD window appears on top of the Opening Lines window .
Y ou choose Finder by pointing to the Application menu icon, pressing to pull down the menu, dragging to highlight the name Finder , and then releasing the trackball button. The Finder becomes the active program, and the Macintosh HD window becomes the active window .
Open a document When you open a document, the program you used to create that document becomes the active program. 1. If you closed the Macintosh HD window, open the Macintosh HD icon now . (Click the icon to select it, and then choose Open from the File menu.
2. Open the Opening Lines icon by double-clicking it. T o double-click an icon, you click it twice in rapid succession without moving the pointer . (Use the trackball to position the pointer over the icon, and then click one of the trackball buttons twice.
3. Move the I-beam pointer to the immediate lef t of the word “people” (af ter “ All”). 4. Drag horizontally , selecting the word “people”, and then release the trackball button. T o drag, hold the trackball button down while you roll the trackball.
Now you’ll rearrange some text. 9. Move the I-beam pointer to the immediate lef t of the word “they” (af ter “conscience,”). 10. Drag horizontally , selecting the word “they”, and then release the trackball button. 11. W ith “they” selected, choose Cut from the Edit menu.
15. Press the space bar once, type “ar e”, and then press the space bar once again . 16. Move the I-beam pointer between the letters t and h in the word “they”. 17. Click the trackball button to place the insertion point. 18. Press the Delete key once and then type a capital T .
Make more changes The changes you’ve made so far are now part of the document that’s stored on your hard disk. 1. Move the I-beam pointer ( 9 ) between the letters E and n in the word “Endowed”. 2. Click once to place the insertion point. 3. Press the Delete key once and then type a lowercase e .
5. Press the Delete key once, pr ess the space bar once, and then type “and”. 6. Move the I-beam pointer to the immediate lef t of “each other ”. 7. Click the trackball button once. Clicking moves the insertion point to the place where you positioned the I-beam.
11. Select the word “togetherness” by double-clicking it. T o select a word by double-clicking it, position the I-beam pointer over the word and then click twice in rapid succession, without moving the pointer . 12. W ith “togetherness” selected, type “brotherhood”.
Make a copy of a document Y ou’ll of ten want to mak e a copy of a document so you can preserve the original and modif y the copy . T o practice making a copy of a document, you’ll use the “Opening Lines” document you created. 1. If you closed the Macintosh HD window, open the Macintosh HD icon now .
3. Choose Duplicate from the File menu. A new icon, labeled “Opening Lines copy ”, appears in the hard disk window . Notice that the icon is selected. Other ways to make a copy of a file are outlined in the summary chapter in the reference section of this book.
3. W ith the name selected, type “ Article 1”. Whatever you type replaces the selected text. 4. Press the R eturn key. Pressing Return saves the new name. Now you have two identical documents with different names. Y ou can revise one without changing the other .
2. Drag the Article 1 icon to the T rash icon until both icons are highlighted, and then r elease the trackball button. If the Macintosh HD window is blocking the T rash icon, move the window by dragging its title bar . Both icons are highlighted when the tip of the arrow pointer reaches the T rash icon.
Chapter 4 W orking With Disks In this chapter m What hard disks and floppy disks are for , and how they differ m How to insert and remove a floppy disk m How to prepare a disk for use m How to copy th.
Insert a floppy disk Y our computer ’s floppy disk drive can accommodate 3.5-inch (89-millimeter) floppy disks of two types: m high-density disks, which can hold up to 1.4 megabytes (MB) of information m double-sided disks, which can hold up to 800 kilobytes (K) of information ( The next page explains kilobytes and megabytes.
Floppy disks and har d disks Both floppy disks and hard disks function like filing cabinets: you use them to store information. Y ou can store much more on a hard disk than on a floppy disk, however , and the computer can retrieve information from a hard disk much faster .
Initialize a disk Ever y new disk needs to be prepared for use. Preparing a new disk is called initializing it. In the same way that lines are drawn on a newly paved parking lot to mark off parking spaces, the initializing process creates organized areas on the disk where the computer can store information.
3. Click Erase. A third dialog box appears: 4. T ype “Practice”. If you make any typing errors, press the Delete key to backspace over them. 5. Click OK. The computer takes about a minute to initialize the disk. Messages appear on the screen to let you know how the process is going.
Copy the contents of a disk Most programs you’ll use with your Macintosh are supplied on floppy disks. Y ou can use a program more efficiently if you first install it on your hard disk. Y ou install most programs by copying them from the floppy disk to your hard disk.
3. Open the Practice folder icon . T o open the icon, click the icon to select it and then choose Open from the File menu. The folder holds the contents of the floppy disk you’ve copied. In this case, the folder is empty because there’s nothing on the Practice disk.
T ake a floppy disk out of its drive Y ou take a floppy disk out of its drive when you no longer need to get information from or store infor mation on that disk. 1. Click the Practice floppy disk icon to select it. Click the icon, not its name. 2. Eject the floppy disk by choosing Put Away from the File menu.
P rotect the contents of a disk Y ou can lock a floppy disk so its contents cannot be changed in any way . When a disk is locked, you can look at the files it contains, but you cannot modify the files on it, delete them, or store any new files. Use your practice disk to practice locking and unlocking a floppy disk.
On your own: Install your programs If you have a floppy disk drive and disks containing programs that you plan to use with your Macintosh, you can install the programs on your hard disk now (or you can wait until later and continue with the next chapter).
6. Click the program folder to select it. 7. Choose Open from the File menu. The folder window appears, showing you the contents of the program folder . The folder has the same contents as the program disk. 8. L ook for a System F older in the program folder .
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81 L ear ning More About Y our Computer In this chapter m How to open the Batter y desk accessor y m How to open the P owerBook control panel m How to use the Balloon Help system m Where to look for information about your computer and its software Before you begin Make sure that your computer is on.
Open the Batter y desk accessor y The Batter y desk accessor y tells you approximately how much power is left in the batter y as you use the computer . T o open the Batter y desk accessor y: m Choose Batter y from the Apple ( K ) menu. Y ou can leave the Batter y desk accessor y open to keep track of the batter y charge while you work.
2. Open the P owerBook icon . (Click the icon once to select it, then choose Open from the File menu. Or double-click the icon.) The P owerBook control panel appears.
4. T o show a balloon describing your startup hard disk, point to the hard disk icon. A balloon appears next to the icon. Balloons do not affect how you work with your computer . Y ou still select icons, choose commands, and so on. 5. Click your hard disk icon to select it.
Use P art III of this book Part III of this book, Macintosh R eference, contains all the information you need to use your computer ’s hardware and system software.
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Setting Up Y our Programs In this chapter m Installing or updating system software m Installing your programs m W orking with several programs at a time m Using the Scrapbook m Using a RAM disk Instal.
Before you install Y ou use the Installer program to install, reinstall, or update system software on a startup disk. Important: Before you install a new version of system software, make a backup copy.
4. Click OK. The Easy Install dialog box appears. 5. Make sure that the har d disk named in the box is the one you want to install system sof tware on. If it isn ’t, click the Switch Disk button until the correct disk name appears. 6. Click Install.
Installing customized system software Custom installation allows you to select a combination of system files for your specific needs. Y ou can also use custom installation to install or update a single file, or to save space on your hard disk by installing only the files you want.
Important: Be sure to install the files that your Macintosh uses to communicate with the printer , network, and other equipment it is connected to. 8. Click Install. 9. F ollow the instr uctions that appear on the screen. If you are installing from floppy disks, you may see messages asking you to insert different disks.
Installing your programs Most application programs come on floppy disks, and you install them by simply copying them from the floppy disks to your hard disk. Some programs need to be installed in a particular way . If your program came with specific instructions, follow them.
Checking for computer vir uses Vir uses —programs that damage files or erase disks — can be introduced into your computer from a floppy disk, from a shared disk on a network, or from an electronic bulletin board service. Programs that detect and eliminate viruses are available from user groups, bulletin boards, and dealers.
W orking with several programs at a time Y ou can open as many programs and desk accessories as your computer ’s memor y allows. All open programs are listed in the Application menu at the right end of the menu bar .
Changing the amount of memor y a program uses Each program you open sets aside the amount of memor y it needs. (If you don ’t have enough memor y to open a program, you need to quit one of the programs already open to free up some memor y .) On occasion you may want to increase or decrease the amount of memor y a program uses.
Using the Scrapbook Y ou can use the Scrapbook to store text, graphics, sounds, and other elements that you frequently include in your documents. Storing items in the Scrapbook: 1. In your document, select the text or other element that you want to store in the Scrapbook.
Using a R AM disk A RAM disk is a portion of your computer ’s memor y that you set aside for use as a temporar y storage device. Using a RAM disk conserves power because the computer uses less energy to access RAM than to access a hard disk or a floppy disk.
5. Choose Restart from the Special menu. A RAM disk icon appears on the desktop when the computer restarts. 6. Drag the items you want to the R AM disk icon . Erasing a R AM disk There are two ways to erase the contents of a RAM disk. They do not remove the RAM disk itself or make more memor y available for opening programs.
Making a R AM disk the startup disk If you have 6 MB or more of memor y , you can make a RAM disk your startup disk. 1. Create a R AM disk. 2. L ocate and open the Installer program on the Install disk. 3. Install a minimal System F older on the R AM disk.
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P ower Management In this chapter m Checking the batter y level m Responding to low-power messages m Recharging the battery m Removing or replacing the batter y m Maximizing batter y life m Getting the most work time out of the batter y Monitoring the batter y charge level Y our computer ’s main power source is a nickel-cadmium batter y .
The Batter y desk accessor y appears. The line of rectangles is the batter y gauge. Black rectangles indicate the charge level. Y ou can see the level decrease while the batter y is in use, and increase while the batter y is recharging in the computer .
The second message is followed almost immediately by a third and final message indicating that the computer is about to put itself to sleep. When time is up, the computer goes to sleep automatically to protect the contents of RAM.
s W ar ning: Use only the power adapter that came with your computer . Adapters for other electronic devices (including other portable computers) may look similar , but they may damage your computer . s A lightning bolt icon appears in the Batter y desk accessor y when the power adapter is plugged in and the batter y is recharging.
Recharging with a recharger A batter y recharger and additional batteries are available as options for your computer . If you purchase a recharger and an extra batter y , you can charge one batter y while you use the other , so you always have a fully charged battery on hand.
3. Place the batter y in the r echarger as shown . Recharging begins immediately . Y ou can remove a batter y from the recharger at any time. Important: T o preserve a batter y ’s charge, don ’t leave it in the recharger if the power adapter is not plugged into an electrical outlet.
4. Carefully pull the battery out of its compartment. 5. If you are inserting another battery , slide it into the battery compartment. Replacement batteries come with a door attached.
Maximizing batter y life T o maximize batter y life, discharge and then rechar ge the batter y completely once ever y 90 days. Just use the computer as you normally would, but ignore the low-power messages that appear on the screen. (Make sure to save your work, however .
Maximizing work time Y our PowerBook’s batter y can provide up to 3 hours of work time before you need to recharge it. The actual work time available depends on what equipment you’re using with your computer and what steps you take to conserve power while you work.
110 Chapter 7: Power Management Adjusting the batter y conser vation settings The Batter y Conser vation section of the P owerBook control panel gives you several ways to regulate your computer ’s power consumption. The easiest approach Just use the Batter y Conser vation slider to choose the setting you prefer .
More about automatic sleep The Batter y Conser vation slider controls two different power conservation features: system sleep and hard disk sleep. m System sleep is a state in which your computer uses only the power it needs to maintain the contents of RAM.
Processor cycling If the computer is not doing anything for a few seconds, it reduces the power consumption of its microprocessor . The microprocessor comes back up to speed instantaneously when you resume work. This feature is called processor cycling.
Using Disks In this chapter m Preparing a new disk for use m Erasing a disk m Choosing a startup disk m Protecting the information on a disk m If you can ’t save files on a floppy disk m Ejecting a .
1. Insert Disk T ools and tur n on your computer . 2. L ocate the Apple HD SC Setup icon and open it. The name of the hard disk currently selected is shown as the “volume name.” The SC SI ID number of the selected hard disk is displayed above the Drive button.
Initializing a floppy disk Initializing a new floppy disk prepares the disk to store information. 1. Insert a new floppy disk into your floppy disk drive. If you inserted a high-density disk (1.4 MB), this message appears: If you inserted a double-sided (800K) disk, this message appears: 2.
Erasing a floppy disk Erasing a disk actually reinitializes it. s W ar ning: When you erase a disk, you lose any information that was on the disk. s 1. Click the icon of the disk you want to erase. 2. Choose Erase Disk from the Special menu. A message appears.
Scanning order for startup disks When you turn on your computer , it looks for a startup disk (a disk containing a System F older) in the following sequence: 1. internal floppy disk drive (if any) 2. external floppy disk drive (if any) 3. disk (or RAM disk) selected in the Startup Disk control panel 4.
Locking a file Y ou use the Get Info command to lock a document or a program. Locking a program may affect its operation. 1. Click the icon of the file you want to lock. 2. Choose Get Info from the File menu. 3. In the Info window, click the Locked box in the lower-left cor ner .
Chapter 8: Using Disks 119 Backing up your files Making backup copies of important files is good protection against possible damage to the originals. m Y ou can back up files stored on your hard disk by copying them onto floppy disks. m Y ou can back up an entire floppy disk by copying it to another floppy disk, or to a hard disk.
Ejecting a disk Y ou can eject a floppy disk by doing any of the following: m Click the disk icon to select it and choose Put Away from the File menu. The disk is ejected and its icon disappears from the desktop. m Drag the disk icon to the T rash. The disk is ejected and its icon disappears from the desktop.
Caring for disks F or infor mation on floppy disk care, see the section on working with disks in Part II of this book, or consult the instructions that came with your floppy disks. Hard disk precautions Hard disk drives are delicate mechanisms and should be handled with care.
m If the hard disk is external, make sure it is turned on and its cable is connected firmly; then restart the Macintosh. m Check the ID numbers of all SC SI equipment connected to your computer . Each device must have a unique ID number (the computer itself has the ID number 7, and the internal hard disk has the number 0).
3. Click the Drive button until the name of the disk you want to test appears. Click the Eject button if you want to insert a different floppy disk. 4. Click Open. 5. Choose Repair A utomatically from the Options menu. 6. Click the Start button to begin testing the disk.
T esting a hard disk Y ou can test a hard disk with the Apple HD S C Setup program, which is on the system software disk labeled Disk T ools. 1. Insert Disk T ools and start up your computer . 2. Open the Apple HD SC Setup icon . 3. Click the Drive button until the disk you want appears.
Or ganizing Y our F iles In this chapter m Straightening up your files m Using folders to organize your files m Filing documents when you save them m Making items easier to find m Finding an item m Cr.
Using folders to organize your files Macintosh folders, like the paper folders in a file cabinet, can be used to store and organize your work. Y ou can place one folder inside another to create a hierarchy of files. Creating and naming folders Y ou can create a new folder whenever the Finder is the active program.
Filing documents when you save them The first time you save a document (or whenever you choose Save As to create another version of that document), a director y dialog box appears. A director y is the list of files and folders contained in a folder or on a disk.
Making items easier to find Y our Macintosh provides several ways to make a file, folder , or other item easy to find and open. Y ou can m create aliases for the item and put the aliases in convenient.
Locating the original of an alias An alias’s Info window shows the location of the original. 1. Select the alias whose original you want to find. 2. Choose Get Info from the File menu. 3. Click the Find Original button . The window containing the original item opens.
Finding an item When the Finder is the active program, you can use the F ind command in the File menu to find any item on any disk connected to your computer . ( The Find command cannot locate items inside the System file. Y ou need to open the System file to see its contents.
Finding an item using other criteria Y ou can use the Find command to find items by size, label, date, or other characteristics. 1. Choose Find from the File menu. 2. If you see a button labeled More Choices, click the button. The dialog box that appears lets you select search characteristics using pop-up menus.
6. Choose a search location from the pop-up menu labeled Search. 7. If you want all items displayed at once, click the checkbox labeled “all at once.” 8. Click the Find button when you ’ve finished selecting options. The first matching item is shown highlighted in a Finder window .
Finding items that meet two criteria Y ou can locate items that meet two sets of criteria, such as all items created before a certain date and larger than a certain size. 1. Choose the first criterion . 2. Click the “all at once” box so that an X appears.
Creating a template or stationer y Most documents can be saved as or converted into a stationer y pad, which is a template form of the document. The template retains its format and content, and you can use it repeatedly as a master for similar documents with different content.
4. Close the Info window . The document icon now appears as a stationer y pad icon. When you open a stationer y pad, an untitled window appears showing the contents of the stationer y , or a dialog box appears asking you to name the new document. If you want to change the stationer y pad itself you must first tur n it back into a regular document.
Using the V iew menu Y ou can use the V iew menu to display the contents of a window by icon or small icon, or you can list items according to various characteristics such as name, size, or kind. ( Y ou can use the Views control panel to change how files are listed and what information is included in the list.
T ips on transferring files Y ou can transfer files from your computer ’s inter nal hard disk in the following ways: m Over a network Y ou can connect your computer to a network and transfer files over the network. F or infor mation, see the networking chapter .
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Adapting Y our Computer to Y our Own Use In this chapter m Specifying which items you want opened at startup m Installing an item in the Apple menu m Installing files in the System F older m Changing .
Specifying which items you want opened at startup T o have a program or a document open automatically when you start up your computer , drag its icon or its alias to the Startup Items folder , which is inside the System F older . Programs or documents that you put in the Startup Items folder are opened when you start up your computer .
Most special files are stored in folders inside the System F older . When you drag a file’s icon to the System F older icon, your computer recognizes which type of file it is and stores the file in the appropriate folder .
Changing the items in the Label menu Y ou can change the labels in the L abel menu. Y ou make these changes in the L abels control panel. 1. Choose Control P anels from the Apple ( K ) menu and open the L abels control panel. 2. T o change a label, drag across it to select it and then type your new label.
Y ou can also set the time and date using the General Controls panel or the Alarm Clock. Setting a time for the Alarm Clock to go off Y ou can set the Alar m Clock to alert you when it’s time for an appointment or a meeting. 1. Choose Alar m Clock from the Apple ( K ) menu.
3. Click the alarm clock icon in the lower-right cor ner to select it. The alarm clock icon becomes highlighted when you select it. The time that appears in the middle section is the current alarm clock setting. 4. Click the hours, minutes, or seconds in the alar m clock setting to select them.
Changing the date format 1. Choose Control P anels from the Apple ( K ) menu and open the Date & T ime control panel. 2. In the Date & T ime control panel, click Date F or mats. 3. In the dialog box that appears, make the changes you want. A sample of the format you choose appears at the bottom of the dialog box.
Changing the time format 1. Choose Control P anels from the Apple ( K ) menu and open the Date & T ime control panel. 2. In the Date & T ime control panel, click T ime F ormats. 3. Make the changes you want. A sample of the format you choose appears at the bottom of the dialog box.
Changing number and currency formats Y ou can choose among several for mats for displaying numbers and currency. 1. Choose Control P anels from the Apple ( K ) menu and open the Numbers control panel. 2. Make the changes that you want. 3. Close the control panel.
Adjusting the way the trackball or mouse works Y ou can adjust two aspects of trackball or mouse operation in the Mouse control panel: tracking, which is the relation between trackball or mouse movement and pointer movement on the screen, and double-clicking speed.
Adjusting the way the keyboard works Y ou can adjust the rate at which a character repeats when its key is held down as well as the delay before the character begins repeating. Y ou can also change the keyboard layout if you have additional keyboard layouts installed.
Making keyboard shortcuts easier to type With the system software feature called Sticky Keys, you can type keyboard shortcuts (such as x -S for the Save command) without actually pressing the keys simultaneously . m T o tur n Sticky Keys on or off, press the Shif t key five times without moving the mouse.
Adjusting the blinking of a menu item Y ou can change the number of times a menu item blinks when it’s chosen. Y ou make this adjustment in the General Controls panel. 1. Choose Control P anels from the Apple ( K ) menu and open the General Controls panel.
Changing the way the contents of windows appear Y ou can change the way the contents of Finder windows are displayed, and you can change the items in the View menu. Y ou make these changes in the Views control panel. Choose Control Panels from the Apple ( K ) menu and open the Views control panel.
Changing an icon Y ou can change an icon by creating or copying a picture you want and then pasting it into an icon ’s Info window . Some icons can ’t be changed, including those for control panels and other parts of the system software. Ever y icon fits inside a small square.
154 Chapter 10: Adapting Your Computer to Your Own Use 6. Choose P aste from the Edit menu. The picture you copied replaces the selected icon in the Info window . If the picture is bigger than the icon, it automatically shrinks to fit. 7. Close the Info window .
Managing memor y Occasionally you may need to make adjustments in how your Macintosh uses its random-access memor y (RAM) in order to work efficiently with large programs or with several programs at once.
m Reducing the size of the disk cache makes more memory available. (See the disk cache section in this chapter .) m Reducing the amount of memor y a program uses may allow you to open more programs at once (see the chapter on setting up your programs).
Using hard disk space as memor y Y our computer can use space on a hard disk to increase the memor y available for opening programs. The disk space, called virtual memor y , is not available for storing files.
5. Choose Restart from the Special menu. After you restart, your computer ’s total memor y includes the virtual memor y you set aside on the hard disk.
Setting the beep sound Many programs have the computer make a sound when your attention is required or when you’re attempting an action that the computer cannot perfor m at that time. Y ou can choose the type of beep sound that you want your computer to make.
Installing a sound Y our computer comes with several beep sounds. Y ou can get additional sounds from various sources. m T o install a sound, you drag its icon to the System F older icon (not the System Folder window). The sound is automatically installed in the System file, where it belongs.
Recording sounds Y our computer can use an exter nal microphone, which you can use to record a sound and add it to the Sound control panel. 1. Connect a microphone or another audio source to the sound input port (marked with the icon X ) on your computer .
10. T ype a name for the sound, and click OK. The new sound appears in the Sound control panel. Its icon also appears in the System file. Changing the background pattern Y ou can change the background patter n that appears on your computer screen in the General Controls panel.
Y ou can choose from a variety of patter ns provided, or you can create your own design by editing one of the patterns supplied. 3. T o see the patter ns available, click either of the small triangles above the sample patter n. 4. Click the sample patter n to see the new pattern on your desktop.
6. When you ’ve finished cr eating your new pattern , click the sample patter n to display it on your desktop. 7. T o save the new patter n , double-click the sample pattern . If you don ’t save the pattern, you lose it when you click one of the small triangles to display another pattern.
2. Drag the Close V iew icon to the System F older icon (not the System F older window) on your startup disk. 3. Choose R estart from the Special menu. T o tur n Close V iew on or off , press x - Option- O . T o tur n the magnification on or off , press x –Option–X.
166 Chapter 10: Adapting Your Computer to Your Own Use T ur ns Close View on Tu r n s magnification on or off Keyboard shortcuts T ur ns shortcuts on or off Inverts screen image Arrows change magnific.
Printing In this chapter m Before you print m Printing your work m Controlling background printing m W orking with fonts Before you print Before you can print, your computer must be connected to a printer , either directly or over a network.
If your printer is connected directly to your computer Make sure you’ve connected the printer according to the instructions that came with it. 1. Choose Chooser from the Apple ( K ) menu. 2. Click the icon of your printer to select it. v If your printer ’s icon does not appear in the Chooser: The printer software is not in your System F older .
1. Choose Chooser from the Apple ( K ) menu. 2. Click the Active button next to the word “ Apple T alk.” If Active wasn ’t already selected, a message appears. Click OK. 3. Click the icon of the printer you want to use. v If your printer ’s icon does not appear in the Chooser: The printer software is not in your System F older .
Selecting P age Setup options Y ou use the Page Setup dialog box when you’ve selected a new printer in the Chooser , or when you want to use a different paper size or printing options. m Choose Page Setup from the File menu and select the options you want.
Updating printer software on networked computers All computers that share printers on a network must have the same version of the printer software. The printer restarts itself each time a different version is used (which takes time and clears any fonts from its temporar y memor y).
If you want to update the printer software that is already installed on your disk, go to step 5. When you click Customize, the custom installation dialog box shows a list of printer software. 5. Click Install. 6. When you see a message reporting that installation was successful, click Restart.
v Printing color or gray-scale documents: Y ou can print color or gray-scale documents on any color printer that can use the L aserW riter printer sof tware. If you print a color document on a black-and-white printer , the document is produced as a halftone (that is, it is composed of patter ns of dots).
Solutions to common printing problems If nothing happens or if you see an error message when you tr y to print, tr y the following: m Make sure that the printer is turned on and warmed up. m Check the cable connections to the printer . m If your printer is an Image W riter , make sure that the Select light is on.
Controlling background printing If you are using a L aserW riter or Style W riter printer and the background printing option is turned on in the Chooser , you can continue to work while your documents are printing. Y ou don ’t need to do anything once background printing is turned on.
W orking with fonts A font is a collection of letters, numbers, and symbols in a distinctive typographic design. Several fonts come with your computer ’s system sof tware. They are stored in the F onts folder (inside the System F older on your startup disk).
Bitmap fonts (also called fixed-size fonts) appear only in certain sizes, because each character is a grid of black-and-white dots (called a bitmap), which is a rendering of the character ’s shape in a specific size.
Removing fonts 1. Quit all open programs. 2. Open the System folder on your startup disk. 3. L ocate the F onts folder and open it. The F onts folder contains font files (for individual fonts) and font suitcases (for font families).
2. Choose Download F onts from the File menu. 3. If the font you want to download is not listed, click the Add button to add fonts to the list. Use the director y dialog box that appears to locate the fonts you want. 4. In the directory dialog box, locate your font, click its name, and then click Add.
Finding out about available fonts Many programs have a F ont menu that lists the fonts installed in your system, though some programs do not list them all. Y ou can open the F onts folder , inside the System Folder , to see all the fonts stored there.
Restarting a LaserW riter printer Restarting the printer clears its memor y , removing the fonts stored there. 1. Open the L aserW riter Font Utility icon.
T ransferring a PostScript file to a LaserW riter Y ou can use the L aserW riter F ont Utility to send a file in P ostScript format to a L aserW riter printer . 1. Open the L aserW riter Font Utility icon. 2. Choose Download P ostScript File from the Utilities menu.
Using Y our Computer on a Network In this chapter m What networking offers m Setting up your Macintosh on a network m Gaining access to files on shared disks m W orking with files and folders on other.
Y ou can designate specific folders and hard disks on your computer as “shared files” that other people can gain access to. m Print documents on network printers. m Link your programs to programs on other computers. Y ou can link your programs in order to share features between those programs.
Connecting to a network Y our computer has built-in Apple T alk networking sof tware. This software directly supports the L ocalT alk cables you need to connect your computer to the network. (If your computer has the appropriate port or expansion card, Apple T alk also supports Ethernet and T okenRing cables.
3. Close the Chooser . When Apple T alk is active, Macintosh PowerBook computers go to sleep automatically only when they run out of batter y power , or when the power adapter is plugged in and the P owerBook is not connected to any shared disks on the network.
Gaining access to files on shared disks Y ou can retrieve and store infor mation on other computers connected to your network. F or example, a colleague can place some files for you on a shared disk called a file server— a computer dedicated to storing shared files.
v If the AppleShare icon does not appear: Mak e sure that Apple T alk is active in the Chooser . Make sure that the AppleShare file is in the Extensions folder in your System F older , and restart your computer . If that doesn ’t work, use the Installer to install the Apple T alk sof tware.
10. Click OK. If your password is not accepted: Make sure that Caps Lock is not on. T ype your password again, taking care not to mak e typing errors. If it’s still not accepted, ask the computer ’s owner for help. 11. Click the name of a shared disk to select it.
Connecting quickly to a shared disk By making an alias for a shared disk, you can connect to that disk by simply opening the alias. 1. Connect to a shared disk. See the section on connecting to a shared disk in this chapter . 2. Select the shared disk icon.
3. If you ’r e connecting as a registered user , click the button that indicates whether you want to save your name only , or both your name and your password. F or more security , click “Save My Name Only.” When you start up your computer , you’ll need to enter your password to connect to the shared disk.
If a message tells you that you cannot change your password, your network administrator has turned off this feature. 3. T ype your current password. Then pr ess T ab and type a new password. A bullet ( • ) appears for each letter you type. 4. Click OK.
Giving folder ownership to someone else Y ou can give away ownership of any folder you own. Once you do so, however , the new owner can restrict your access to that folder . Make sure you have copies of any files you may need before you give ownership of a folder to someone else.
T urning file sharing on 1. Choose Control P anels from the Apple ( K ) menu and open the Sharing Setup icon . Make sure the boxes in the Network Identity section of the control panel are filled in. 2. In the section labeled File Sharing, click the Start button.
3. Click the box under File Sharing labeled “ Allow guests to connect” to place an X in it. 4. Close the window and click Save in the box that appears. Y ou can still restrict access to any folder or disk you share, as described in the section “ Using Access Privileges,” later in this chapter .
5. Close the window and click Save in the dialog box. At this point, only you have access to the item you shared and the files inside it, unless you turned on guest access and some or all of the boxes next to “Ever yone” are checked.
Naming a registered user Y ou can register as many as 100 people and groups combined, but for best network perfor mance you should name no more than 50. 1. Choose Control P anels from the Apple ( K ) menu and open the Users & Groups icon . 2. Choose New User from the File menu.
Setting a registered user ’s password Y ou can assign passwords for registered users to verif y their identities when they want to gain access to your computer . 1. Open a user icon in the Users & Groups control panel. 2. T ype a password in the User P assword box, then press T ab.
3. Drag user icons to the new group icon . The icons are not moved inside the group icon, as they would be if it were a folder . Instead, member icons are created inside the group icon.
Selecting a user or group to share a folder or disk Y ou can give one registered user or group exclusive access to a shared folder or disk on your computer . 1. Select a folder or disk to share. 2. Choose Sharing from the File menu. 3. Click the box labeled “Share this item and its contents” so an X appears.
Chapter 12: Using Your Computer on a Network 201 P reventing specific users or guests from accessing your computer T o prevent all network access to your computer , you can tur n file sharing and program linking off, as described elsewhere in this chapter .
3. If an X appears in the “ Allow to connect” checkbox, click to remove the X (to deny access). 4. Close the window and click Save in the dialog box. If you deny access to a user who is currently connected, he or she is disconnected immediately . That user is no longer a member of any group, and can connect only as a guest.
Chapter 12: Using Your Computer on a Network 203 Giving away ownership of a folder or disk on your computer Y ou can give away ownership of a shared folder or disk on your computer to a registered user or group. Because you are the owner of your computer , the new owner of a folder or disk on your computer cannot restrict your access to it.
2. In the section labeled File Sharing, click the Stop button. A dialog box appears in which you can specify a delay before file sharing is turned off. If you specify a delay, users who are connected to your computer are warned to save their work and disconnect.
Disconnecting someone who is connected to your computer Y ou can disconnect users who are cur rently connected to your computer in the File Sharing Monitor control panel. 1. Select the user or users you want to disconnect. 2. Click Disconnect. 3. T ype the number of minutes that you want to elapse before users ar e disconnected.
3. Open the owner icon (the one with the bold outline). 4. Click the boxes labeled “ Allow user to connect” and “ Allow user to see entire disk” to place an X in them. When these boxes are checked, you can see and use ever ything on your disks while you’re using another computer .
2. T ype a new password in the box labeled Owner P assword and pr ess T ab. Remember the capitalization. Y our password is replaced by bullets to keep it private.
There are three types of access to shared items: m See F olders: allows people to see, open, and copy folders. m See Files: allows people to see, open, and copy files. m Make Changes: allows people to copy , delete, or change the contents of a folder or disk, or to add items to a folder or disk.
m If you’ve selected a folder you do not own, all the checkboxes and their labels are dimmed. 3. Choose a register ed user or group to share the item with. Choose from the list of users and groups in the pop-up menu, or type the name of a registered user or group in the box.
m Keep a folder or disk private. T o keep a folder or disk on your own computer private, do not share it. T o keep your folder on another computer private, use these settings. m Allow access to one other person or group. This set of privileges allows the owner of the item and one registered user or group to use the item.
W orking with privileges that others have set When you are using the By Icon or By Small Icon view , the appearance of shared folders indicates the access you have. Icon Meaning A darkened tab indicates that you own the folder and can set its access privileges.
Linking programs Some programs can exchange information directly with other programs. F or example, one program might be able to instr uct another program to add a row to a spreadsheet or change the font size of a paragraph. Programs implement linking in various ways and not all programs have this capability .
5. Click OK. In most cases, you need to identify yourself as a guest or a registered user . 6. Click Guest or Register ed User . If you are a guest, click Guest and go to step 9. If the Guest option is dimmed, guests do not have access to this computer .
T urning program linking on When you turn program linking on, your computer is visible to others on the network whenever they attempt to link a program. Before you turn program linking on, make sure that Apple T alk is active and that you have named your Macintosh in the Sharing Setup control panel.
Allowing guests to link to your programs Y ou can let ever yone on the network link to your shared programs. 1. Choose Control P anels from the Apple ( K ) menu and open the Users & Groups icon . 2. Double-click the <Guest> icon . 3. Click the box labeled “ Allow guests to link to programs on this Macintosh” to place an X in it.
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Expanding Y our Computer System In this chapter m Using SC SI devices m Connecting a modem m Connecting a printer m Connecting a mouse or other ADB device m Using sound input and output devices m Addi.
T o connect a SC SI device to the S C SI port on your P owerBook, you need an Apple HDI-30 SC SI System Cable. Setting up one or more SC SI devices for use with your PowerBook involves the steps listed here.
The ID numbers of Apple SC SI devices can be set as follows. 1. Make sure the SCSI device is turned off. If the device is already part of a SC SI chain, make sure that all devices in the chain are turned off, including the computer . 2. L ocate the ID number indicator and switch (usually on the back panel of the SCSI device).
Checking that the SC SI chain is properly terminated T o ensure accurate transmission of information, a chain of S C SI devices must have a terminator at each end.
Connecting cables s W ar ning: When making SC SI connections, always turn off power to all devices in the chain. F ailure to do so can cause the loss of information and damage to your equipment. s 1. Shut down your P owerBook and all SCSI devices in the chain.
Connecting a modem Apple offers an optional, low-power , inter nal fax/data modem for your computer . See the modem manual for infor mation about this modem and how to use it. Y ou can also connect an exter nal modem to the modem port on the back panel of the computer .
Connecting a printer The printer port on your computer can accept either a direct cable connection (to a printer such as the Style W riter) or a network cable connection (to a printer such as the L aserW riter II NTX ). The printer port is marked with this icon: [ .
Using sound input and output devices Connecting a microphone Y our PowerBook has a sound input port to which you can connect an external microphone. (Sound recording is described in the chapter A dapting Y our Computer to Y our Own Use .) 1. Open the door covering the back panel of your computer .
Adding memor y to your computer Y our PowerBook computer comes with at least 4 MB of RAM. By adding memor y upgrade cards you can increase your computer ’s memor y. Y ou can find out how much memor y your computer has by choosing About This Macintosh from the Finder’s Apple menu.
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T ravel, Storage, and Ser vice In this chapter m T raveling with the computer m Storing the computer m Getting service and support m Getting more information about Macintosh computers T raveling with the P owerBook The safety instructions in the first part of this book also apply when you are traveling.
m Some airlines may restrict or prohibit the use of computers in flight. Check ahead to find out what restrictions, if any , apply. m T ake the necessar y plug adapters if you’re traveling overseas. ( Y ou may need to use them with the power adapter .
Long-term storage (more than 2 weeks) 1. Save your work on a hard disk or floppy disks. 2. Choose Shut Down from the Special menu. 3. Close the display . 4. Recharge the battery . Plug in the power adapter or use the recharger . 5. If you recharged the battery in a recharger , put the battery back into the computer .
How to get help T o obtain service in the United States, you can contact either your nearest authorized Apple dealer or Apple Computer directly . If you are in North America, call 800-538-9696 to request the name of an authorized dealer near you. If you are anywhere else, check the local telephone director y .
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Summar y and Shortcuts m Double-click an object on screen by pointing to the object and clicking twice in rapid succession , without moving the trackball or mouse. Double-clicking is a common shortcut for opening an icon or the selected item in a director y dialog box.
Opening an icon Y ou open an icon by selecting it and choosing Open from the File menu or using the keyboard shortcut x - O or x –Down Ar row . Or you can double-click the icon. Moving, copying, and renaming an icon To do this Take these steps Move an icon Drag the icon to where you want it.
Scrolling through the contents of a window m Click the up, down , lef t, or right scroll arrow . m Click the vertical or horizontal scroll bar (when it’s gray).
Using the outline form in list views Any list view you choose from the View menu (that is, any view except the icon and small icon views) shows the contents of the active window in outline form. Y ou can see the contents of a folder without opening the folder in its own window .
P op-up menus of ten appear in dialog boxes that you use to set options or preferences. Y ou can recognize a pop-up menu by a small solid triangle, pointing down, next to its name.
2. Drag to the menu item so that the submenu appears. 3. Drag sideways to the submenu, drag to the submenu item you want to choose so that it’s highlighted, and then release the trackball or mouse button.
T roubleshooting This section describes possible causes and solutions for some common problems you may have with your Macintosh P owerBook or associated equipment provided by Apple. This section is not comprehensive. Check the appropriate reference section for additional help on specific topics.
The computer just stopped. m The computer may have gone to sleep. Press any key on the keyboard (except Caps Lock) to wake it again. m The batter y may have drained so far that the computer has put itself to sleep to protect the contents of RAM. Plug in the power adapter , wait 15 minutes, and then tur n the computer on again.
The computer exhibits odd behavior , such as many unexplained system failures. m A common cause of unexplained problems is multiple System F olders on your computer ’s startup disk. The System Folder that the P owerBook is using to operate is marked with an icon.
The battery can ’t be recharged. m There may be a loose connection. Make sure all plugs are securely attached. m The batter y may be damaged or dead. Obtain a replacement batter y from your authorized Apple dealer . m The outlet may have no power . m If the adapter or recharger is plugged into a power strip, the strip may not be turned on.
The screen The screen looks blurred or out of focus. m The viewing angle may not be optimal. Tilt the display on its hinge until the screen looks better . The screen is too dark. m When you first turn on your computer , it may tak e several minutes for the screen brightness to “warm up,” especially if you’ve chosen a high setting.
A window has disappeared. m Another open window on the desktop may have covered the window you’re looking for . Move, resize, close, or hide windows you aren ’t using until you see the one you want. m Windows belonging to open but inactive programs may be hidden.
The computer doesn ’t recognize your SC SI devices. m The devices may be off. Check to mak e sure that they are plugged in and turned on. m If the device is a disk drive, it may need to be initialized before you can use it. See the instructions that came with the device.
The har d disk keeps stopping and starting again. m The hard disk may be going to sleep to conserve power . Open the P owerBook control panel and move the Batter y Conservation slider toward Maximum Perfor mance.
A message says that a disk is not initialized—but you know that it is. m The disk may not be seated properly in the disk drive. Eject it and tr y inserting it again. m The disk may be damaged. If you insert another disk in the drive and the message does not appear , you can assume that the original disk needs repair .
Modems The external modem doesn ’t work. m The modem may be turned off or improperly connected. Make sure that it is turned on and that all connections are correct. m The modem port may not be activated. Open the P owerBook control panel and make sure that External Modem is selected.
The network printer keeps restarting. m Someone on the network may be using a different version of the printer software. Ever yone connected to a network should use the same printer software version. Consult the network administrator for more information.
Networks Y ou can ’t find or can ’t open icons needed to set up file sharing. m One or more icons may be in the wrong place. Make sure that the Sharing Setup icon is in the Control Panels folder , and that the File Sharing Extension file, the Network Extension file, and the AppleShare file are in the Extensions folder .
Y ou can ’t open a shared disk or folder . m Y ou may not have the access privileges needed to use the disk or folder . Ask the network administrator or the owner of the shared item to grant you access. m Y ou may have entered your name or password incor rectly when you tried to open the shared disk or folder .
A program doesn ’t work, or malfunctions consistently . m Y ou may have more than one copy of the program on your hard disk. Remove extra copies by dragging them to the T rash. m The program may be damaged. Recopy it from a known good source (such as the original program disk).
Keyboard and Character Sets 253 Appendix A 1 ! 2 @ 3 # 4 $ 5 % 6 7 & 8 * 9 ( 0 ) + = delete ~ ' YU I O P QW E R T tab lock caps shift ctrl option esc shift return enter SD F G HJ KL A Z XCVB N M <> , .
Using Caps Lock The Caps Lock key on P owerBook computers does not stay depressed even when it’s locked. Y ou can tell whether Caps Lock is on or off by looking at the menu bar . An ar row appears to the left of the Help menu icon when Caps L ock is on.
T o type a character with a diacritical mark (such as an acute accent or an umlaut), you press the Option key along with a specific letter key , and then type the character .
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Exchanging Disks and F iles With MS-DOS Computers Apple File Exchange is a file format conversion program supplied on your system software disks. The program and translator files are stored in the Apple File Exchange F older .
3. Click MS-DOS. 4. If necessary , click the capacity (in K) of the disk you inserted. If you want to initialize a high-density ( Ó ) disk in MS-DOS format, 1440K is the only option and it is already selected. If you inserted a double-sided disk, click 720K.
Converting files to and from MS-DOS format Apple File Exchange provides two methods of file conversion— text and binar y . T ext translation is for text files, and binar y translation is for other file types. Apple File Exchange can also use translator files designed to convert files into formats that specific programs can use.
5. Pull down the translation menu you want. 6. Make sure that the translators for the types of files you selected have checkmarks; if not, choose them so checkmarks appear next to them. An active translator has a checkmark. The default translator has a diamond (indicating that it’s always active).
Other file-conversion options Apple File Exchange’s F ile menu provides several other options to assist you with file conversions. T o see explanations of the translators Apple File Exchange uses, choose About Apple File Exchange from the Apple menu.
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Map The Map control panel lets you set your computer ’s location and find out the distance and the time difference between your location and cities around the world. If you travel with your computer and use Map to reset your location accordingly , the time (in the Date & Time control panel) is automatically reset to the local time.
2. T ype the city nearest your current location and then click the Find button (or press the R etur n key). If you aren ’t sure how the city is spelled, type the first few letters and press the Return key . If the city isn ’t found, you can add it to the list of cities stored in Map (instructions are given elsewhere in this appendix).
The distance to and the time at the other location are shown at the bottom of the window . The distance is based on the shortest possible route (called the great circle). T o find out the time difference between your location and the other location, click the words “Time Zone.
Adding or removing a location Adding a location 1. If the map does not show the location you want to add, scroll by dragging beyond the map in the direction of the location. 2. Click the location . A blinking star appears at the location, and its coordinates and approximate time zone are displayed.
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A About This MacintoshCommand 155, 158, 225 accent marks, typing 254–255 access privileges 207–211. See also file sharing; guests; network; passwords checking 211 icons and 211 restricting 201–1.
Application menu 52 hiding and showing windows 94 making open program active 55–56 programs listed in 94 switching programs 94 application programs 57. See also programs installing 92 locating 133 making active 55–56 switching 94 troubleshooting 92, 251–252 arrow keys 49, 238, 253 arrow pointer 7, 8, 32, 243.
case sensitivity passwords and 187, 198 registered user names and 188, 197 CD -ROM disc access privileges for 209 ejecting 120 selecting for sharing 195–196 character repeat rate, adjusting 149 character sets 253–255 Chooser 167–169, 185–186 cities.
currency for mats, changing 147 cursor . See arrow pointer; insertion point customized system software, installing 90–91 Cut command 60, 160 D damage to computer 229, 241 DAs.
“Don ’t sleep when plugged in” option 110, 242 DOS, exchanging files with 257–261 double-clicking 233. See also clicking adjusting speed of 148 icons 58, 94 selecting text by 64 double-sided floppy disks 70, 71.
closing 56, 65 converting to and from MS-DOS format 257–261 copying 65–66, 247 deleting 67–68, 247 getting information about 135 labels for 136 locating 128–129, 130–133 locking and unlockin.
locking and unlocking 77, 117 obtaining 69 repairing 22, 119 restarting from 22 starting Macintosh Basics tour from 11–14 starting up from 91 transferring files with 137 troubleshooting 119, 120, 122–123, 246–247 types of 70, 71 viruses and 93 folders 47, 126.
hard disk sleep 111 initializing (formatting) 72, 88, 113–114 initializing printer 180 installing programs on 74–75, 78–79, 92 installing system software on 6, 87–91 safety tips for 24, 121 sa.
initializing disk repair and 123 a floppy disk 72–73, 115, 247 a floppy disk in MS-DOS file format 257–258 a hard disk 72, 88, 113–114 injuries 26 inserting text 53, 58–59 insertion point 53, .
locking aliases 118 files 118, 247 floppy disks 77, 117, 247 folders 118 log files, printer 182 long-term storage 103, 229 low-power input devices 223, 241 low-power messages 102–103 M Macintosh Bas.
N naming a document 53–54, 66–67, 127 a folder 126 an icon 66–67, 234 a registered group 198–199 a registered user 188, 197 your Macintosh 186 network administrator 184, 187, 191, 192 Network icon 186 network printers. See also printers choosing 168–169 troubleshooting 248, 249 updating software for 171—172 network 183–216.
Option key 49, 253 Clean Up command and 125 Empty T rash warning over ride 154 typing accent marks with 255 organizing files 125–129 outline form in list views 236 outline (scalable or variable-size.
power problems low batter y 102–103 troubleshooting 5, 239, 241–242 power states 17–19 Preferences command 175 pressing 34 Print command 172–173 Print Desktop command 173 printer port 9, 24, 168, 185, 223, 242 printers.
Q question mark (Help menu) icon 83–84 question mark startup icon 5, 87, 117 Quick Reference 233–238 icons 233–234 keyboard shortcuts 238 menus 236–238 windows 234–236 Quit command 64 R RAM.
S safety instructions 23–25 batter y 23, 25, 107 floppy disk 75 hard disk 24, 121 malfunction or damage 229 power adapter 2, 24, 25, 104, 223 RAM disk 97 SC SI devices 221 traveling 227–228 viruse.
shift-clicking 63, 233 Shift key 253 Clean Up command and 125 system extensions and 241 short-circuiting batter y 23 shortcuts. See keyboard shortcuts short-term storage 228 Show All command 94 Show B.
symbols, typing 254–255 System 7 software, networks and 193 system crashes 21, 240 system error , restarting after 21–22 system extensions 155, 241 system failures 241 System F older Extensions fo.
T rash deleting files with 67–68 ejecting a disk with 120 emptying 68, 98 location of 20 purpose of 48 retrieving items from 68 turning off war ning for 154 travel tips 227–228.
V variable-size fonts 176 vertical scroll bar 43–44 viewing contents of folders 236 contents of windows 38–40 hidden contents of windows 42–44 hidden windows 94 list views 136, 152, 236 members .
Apple Computer , Inc. 20525 Mariani Avenue Cupertino, California 95014-6299 (408) 996-1010 TLX 171-576 030-3643-A Printed in U.S.A..
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