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P erf ormance Guidelines f or AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr ocessor Systems Application Note 40555 Publication # Revision: 3.00 June 2006 Issue Date:.
© 2006 Advanced Micr o Devices, Inc. All rights reserv ed. The contents of this document are provided in connection with Advanced Micro De vices, Inc.
Contents 3 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr o cessor Systems 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 Contents Revision History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4 Contents 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 an d AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr ocessor Systems A.2.1 What Resources Are Used When a Single Read-Only or Write-Only Thread Accesses Remote Data? . . . . . . . . . . .
List of Figur es 5 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr o cessor Systems 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 List of Figures Figure 1. Quartet Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6 List of Figur es 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 an d AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr ocessor Systems.
Revision History 7 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr o cessor Systems 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 Re vision Histor y Date Revision Descript ion June 20 06 3.
8 Revision History 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 an d AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr ocessor Systems.
Chapter 1 Intr oduction 9 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr o cessor Systems 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 Chapter 1 Intr oduction The AMD Athlon™ 64 and AM.
10 Intr oduction Chapter 1 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 an d AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr ocessor Systems bandwidth test, it ex ercises both of these modes of operation.
Chapter 1 Intr oduction 11 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr o cessor Systems 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 [12] http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/ en-us/dngenlib/html/ msdn_heapmm.asp [13] http://msdn.
12 Intr oduction Chapter 1 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 an d AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr ocessor Systems.
Chapter 2 Experimental Setup 13 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr o cessor Systems 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 Chapter 2 Experimental Setup This chapter presents a description of the experi mental en vironment within which the following performance study was carried out.
14 Experimental Setup Chapter 2 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 an d AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr ocessor Systems Figure 1. Quartet T opolog y The term hop is commonly used to describe access dist ances on NUMA systems.
Chapter 2 Experimental Setup 15 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr o cessor Systems 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 Figure 2.
16 Experimental Setup Chapter 2 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 an d AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr ocessor Systems resources approach saturation.
Chapter 2 Experimental Setup 17 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr o cessor Systems 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 characterization of the resource beha vior in the system.
18 Experimental Setup Chapter 2 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 an d AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr ocessor Systems 2.3.2 Labels Used Each of the bars on the graph is labele d with the hop information for the thread.
Chapter 3 Analysis and Recommendations 19 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr o cessor Systems 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 Chapter 3 Anal ysis and Recommendations This section lays out recommendations to de ve lopers.
20 Analysis and Recommendations Chapter 3 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 an d AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr ocessor Systems 3.
Chapter 3 Analysis and Recommendations 21 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr o cessor Systems 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 distance. If they are indirectly connected to each ot her in a 4P conf iguration, it is considered as a 2 hop access distance.
22 Analysis and Recommendations Chapter 3 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 an d AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr ocessor Systems Figure 5.
Chapter 3 Analysis and Recommendations 23 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr o cessor Systems 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 A ccNUMA-aw are OS keeps data local on the node wh ere f irst-touch occurs as long as there is enough physical memory a vailable on that node.
24 Analysis and Recommendations Chapter 3 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 an d AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr ocessor Systems afterwords no longer needs the data structure and if only one of the work er threads needs the data structure.
Chapter 3 Analysis and Recommendations 25 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr o cessor Systems 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 Spec JBB 2005 was run using the NUMA tools pro vided by Linux ® to measu re the performance improv ement with node interlea vi ng.
26 Analysis and Recommendations Chapter 3 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 an d AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr ocessor Systems • Threads firing at each other ( cr ossfire ) The f irst thread runs on node 0 and writes to me mory on node 1 (1 hop).
Chapter 3 Analysis and Recommendations 27 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr o cessor Systems 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 Here the same two fore ground threads as before were run t hough the cases as before— local , cr ossfire and no cr ossfir e .
28 Analysis and Recommendations Chapter 3 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 an d AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr ocessor Systems Figure 8.
Chapter 3 Analysis and Recommendations 29 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr o cessor Systems 40555 Rev . 3.
30 Analysis and Recommendations Chapter 3 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 an d AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr ocessor Systems This analogy clearly communicates the performance ef fects of queuing time versus latency .
Chapter 3 Analysis and Recommendations 31 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr o cessor Systems 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 Ho wev e r , as shown in Figure 11 on page 31, when both threads are write-only , the 0 hop-1 hop and 0 hop-2 hop cases are faster than the 0 hop-0 hop case.
32 Analysis and Recommendations Chapter 3 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 an d AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr ocessor Systems In addition, three background thre ads are running on nodes 1, 2 and 3. Each of these background threads access data loca lly .
Chapter 3 Analysis and Recommendations 33 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr o cessor Systems 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 Figure 13. Both Write-Only Threads Running on Node 0 (Diff erent Cores) under Medium Bac kground Load (High Subscription) Figure 14.
34 Analysis and Recommendations Chapter 3 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 an d AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr ocessor Systems Figure 15.
Chapter 3 Analysis and Recommendations 35 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr o cessor Systems 40555 Rev . 3.
36 Analysis and Recommendations Chapter 3 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 an d AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr ocessor Systems.
Chapter 4 Conclusions 37 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr o cessor Systems 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 Chapter 4 Conc lusions The single most important recommendation for most applications is to keep data local on node where it is being accessed.
38 Conclusions Chapter 4 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 an d AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr ocessor Systems Data placement tools can also come in handy when a thread needs more data than the amount of physical memory a vailable o n a node .
Appendix A 39 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr o cessor Systems 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 Appendix A The follo wing sections provide additional e xplanator y information on topics disc ussed in the pre vious sections of this document.
40 Appendix A 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 an d AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr ocessor Systems Like wise packets to be transmitted from the MCT to the XB ar are queued in the “MCT -to-XBar” buf fers. The buf f ers in the SRI, XBar and MCT can be vie wed as staggered queues on the v arious units.
Appendix A 41 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr o cessor Systems 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 4.4 GB/s necessary . The two coherent HyperT ranspor t links are loaded at 3.5 GB/s each. Thus the utilization of each of the two co herent HyperT ransport links that connect node 0 and node 1 equals 87% (3.
42 Appendix A 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 an d AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr ocessor Systems A.3 Wh y Is the No Cr ossfire Case Slo wer Than the Cr ossfire .
Appendix A 43 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr o cessor Systems 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 A.5 Wh y Is 0 Hop-1 Hop Case Slo wer Than 0 Hop-0 Hop Case on a.
44 Appendix A 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 an d AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr ocessor Systems A.7 T ools and APIs f or Thread/Pr ocess and Memory Placement (.
Appendix A 45 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr o cessor Systems 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 Controlling Memory Affinity Both numactl and libnuma library functions can be u sed to set memory af f inity[ 5 ].
46 Appendix A 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 an d AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr ocessor Systems The function to set memory af finity for a thread is V irtualAlloc( ) [ 9 ]. This function giv es the de veloper the choice to bind memory immediately on allocation or to defer binding until f irst touch.
Appendix A 47 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 and AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr o cessor Systems 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 A.8.4 Node Interlea ving Configuration in the BIOS AMD Opteron.
48 Appendix A 40555 Rev . 3.00 June 2006 Performance Guidelines for AMD Athlon™ 64 an d AMD Opter on™ ccNUMA Multipr ocessor Systems.
Ein wichtiger Punkt beim Kauf des Geräts AMD 64 (oder sogar vor seinem Kauf) ist das durchlesen seiner Bedienungsanleitung. Dies sollten wir wegen ein paar einfacher Gründe machen:
Wenn Sie AMD 64 noch nicht gekauft haben, ist jetzt ein guter Moment, um sich mit den grundliegenden Daten des Produkts bekannt zu machen. Schauen Sie zuerst die ersten Seiten der Anleitung durch, die Sie oben finden. Dort finden Sie die wichtigsten technischen Daten für AMD 64 - auf diese Weise prüfen Sie, ob das Gerät Ihren Wünschen entspricht. Wenn Sie tiefer in die Benutzeranleitung von AMD 64 reinschauen, lernen Sie alle zugänglichen Produktfunktionen kennen, sowie erhalten Informationen über die Nutzung. Die Informationen, die Sie über AMD 64 erhalten, werden Ihnen bestimmt bei der Kaufentscheidung helfen.
Wenn Sie aber schon AMD 64 besitzen, und noch keine Gelegenheit dazu hatten, die Bedienungsanleitung zu lesen, sollten Sie es aufgrund der oben beschriebenen Gründe machen. Sie erfahren dann, ob Sie die zugänglichen Funktionen richtig genutzt haben, aber auch, ob Sie keine Fehler begangen haben, die den Nutzungszeitraum von AMD 64 verkürzen könnten.
Jedoch ist die eine der wichtigsten Rollen, die eine Bedienungsanleitung für den Nutzer spielt, die Hilfe bei der Lösung von Problemen mit AMD 64. Sie finden dort fast immer Troubleshooting, also die am häufigsten auftauchenden Störungen und Mängel bei AMD 64 gemeinsam mit Hinweisen bezüglich der Arten ihrer Lösung. Sogar wenn es Ihnen nicht gelingen sollte das Problem alleine zu bewältigen, die Anleitung zeigt Ihnen die weitere Vorgehensweise – den Kontakt zur Kundenberatung oder dem naheliegenden Service.
