Benutzeranleitung / Produktwartung CoreBuilder 7000 des Produzenten 3Com
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http://www.3com.com/ CoreBuilder ® 7000 Family ATM Switches Operations Guide Software Version 4.55 Base and Extended Part No. DOA3700-0AAA02 Published January 2000.
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C ONTEN T S A BOU T T HIS G UIDE Finding Specific Information in This Guide 14 Conventions 14 Doc umen tati on 1 5 CoreBuilder 7000 Family A TM Sw itch D ocuments 16 Related Doc uments 16 Documenta ti.
Integrated Loc al Management Interface (ILMI) 36 ILMI Mana gem ent I nformation Base (MIB) 37 A TM Interfa ce Management Entity ( IME) 37 Basic ILMI Functions 38 St atus Informatio n 38 UNI A ddress R.
Featu r es o f PNNI 68 Advantages of I mpl ementing a PNN I N etw ork 69 When to Use PNNI 69 PNNI v s. E-I I SP 69 PNNI Routing 71 Organizing a Ne twork Hiera rc hy 71 Peer Gr oup Leader 74 One Node.
SE TUP Messa ge 1 06 CALL-PROCE EDING Messa ge 106 CONNE CT Messa ge 107 ADD P A RTY Me ssage 107 Signaling Pr otocol Profil e 107 Establishing a Virtual C hann el 108 Point-to-Point C alls 108 Point-.
6 AT M S WITCHING A T M Swit c hing 13 2 T raf fic Stat istic s 134 Genera l Sw itch St ati stic s 13 4 Phys ical Sta tistic s 134 A TM St atist ics 134 AAL5 C ontr ol Statis tics 134 Signaling Sta tistics 134 IFC C ommunications Statistics 134 T raffic Manage ment 13 5 Frame Disca rd Capability 135 EFCI 135 7 LAN E MULA TION V ERS ION S 1.
LAN Emul atio n Statisti cs Displ ay 152 LAN Em ulation Redun dancy 153 LANE Service s in t he CoreBuilder 7000 Family A TM Switch Card 154 Redundant LAN E Services 154 LECS Redu nda ncy Facility - Co.
Set Default Hold ing T ime 176 Dis pl ay Cur r ent MP C C onfig ur ati on 177 Set Shortcut Se tup Frame Count 178 Se t Shortc ut Se tup Fra me Time 179 Set F low D etection Pr otocols 1 80 Se t I n it.
Summar y of I mp rov ed Switch Redu nda ncy F eatures in V ersion 4.5 207 Sys tem Requir emen ts 209 V ersion 4.5 Features 210 Identifying the A ctive Sw itching Module 210 Conditions for Switc h-over.
B P RO T OC O L S AND I NTER FACES Phy sical L aye r 22 3 SONET STS-3 c Physical Layer Inte rface 223 DS-3 Phy sical La yer I nterface 224 A T M La yer 2 26 A TM C e ll S t r u ct ur e 2 26 The A TM L.
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A BOUT T HI S G UI DE The C oreBu ilder 7 000 Fami ly A T M Swi tches Oper ations Gui de provides all the inf orma tion yo u nee d to und er stan d the netwo rki ng pri nciple s o f the Cor eBuild er ® 7000 family A TM switch and how it is use d in an A TM net work.
14 A BO UT T HIS G UI D E Finding Specific Inf or ma t ion in Th is Gui d e This tab le sh ows t he l ocati on of spe cific i nform ation in th is gui de: Con ventions Tabl e 1 t hrough Table 3 lis t conv ent ions tha t are used th r ough out thi s guide.
Docume ntation 15 Do cum en tatio n This sect ion p r ovi des i nfor mat ion a bo ut supp or ting doc um entat ion, in c l ud in g : CoreBuil der 700 0 F amily A TM Sw itch Doc um ents Rela ted Docu m.
16 A BO UT T HIS G UI D E CoreBuild er 7 000 Fam ily A T M S wi tch Do cu men t s The CD-ROM t hat comes wi th your syst em cont ains on-l in e versio ns of the docum e nts: Cor eBuilder 7000 Family A TM Switches In stal lati on and Start up Gu ide This gu id e descr ibe s ho w to install a nd setu p a Co r eBu ild er 7000 fami ly A TM swit ch.
Docume ntation 17 Doc ume nta tio n Roa d Ma p The f ollo win g ta ble he lps y ou loc a te the inf orma tio n yo u n eed . CoreBui ld er 7200 Ethe rne t/ATM Interf ace Card Oper ati on Gui de DUA7200.
18 A BO UT T HIS G UI D E Do cum enta tion Com ment s Y our s uggesti ons ar e v ery im port ant to us. They help us make our docum e n tati on m ore usef ul to yo u. Pl ease sen d e-mail comments abo ut th is guide to : sd te ch pu bs_ co mm en ts @3 Co m.
1 AT M N ET WOR K B AS ICS This ch apter provid es ba sic c onc ept s a nd inf orma tio n abo ut : A TM Overv iew A TM C e ll Struct ur e AT M L a y e r s Fu ncti onal Pl ane s Designi ng A TM N etw o.
20 C HAPTER 1: ATM N ETWORK B ASICS ove r comin g the pr ob lems th at exis t i n a shar ed-m edia n etwork ing techn ology , like Eth ernet, T oken Ri ng, and FDDI . A T M allows di ffe r ent types of p hysica l la yer tec hno logy to share the sa m e hi gher laye r — the AT M l a y e r.
AT M Layer s 21 Havin g all data in a fixed -l ength cell f ormat spee ds trans missi on dra matic ally b y el imina tin g the nee d for protoc ol recog nition a nd deco ding.
22 C HAPTER 1: ATM N ETWORK B ASICS Phys ica l L aye r The physical lay er in A TM defines the mapping of cells, much in the same wa y tha t th e tr adi tion al OS I P hysical L aye r ha ndle s bit s, def ini ng p hysic al media c harac teristi cs, line codi ng and f ram ing.
Fun ctiona l Pl ane s 23 Figur e 3 U NI F unctional /Protoc ol Model Us er P l an e T ransf ers d ata for a user appli cat ion bet ween the dev ices. User applic ati on re fer s to a h ig h -l e ve l .
24 C HAPTER 1: ATM N ETWORK B ASICS i mplemented by the ILMI — Integr ated Loc al Management Inter fac e. The ILMI is de scrib ed in t he f ollow ing se ction s.
ATM Networ k Ex ample s 25 workst ati o ns to the A TM net wor k. Wo rkst ati ons with A TMLink A dapt ers supp orting con ne cti vity to S ON ET/ SD H f or S-BU S plat form can be co nnect ed d irectl y to t he Co r eB ui lder 7 000 fam ily A T M swi tch.
26 C HAPTER 1: ATM N ETWORK B ASICS Classic al IP A TM net wor k w hich may b e segmen ted in to IP su bnet s. A r out er su ppo rtin g A TM co nnec tivity wi th RF C-1 577 co mpl iance p r ovi des connec tiv ity between these s ubnet s.
ATM Networ k Ex ample s 27 Figur e 5 M ult iple Swit ch IP Routed N etwork LA N Em ulatio n A TM Net wo rk s LAN Emulati on (otherwise kno w n as LANE or LE) pr ovides inter op erabilit y bet ween dev.
28 C HAPTER 1: ATM N ETWORK B ASICS Bu ild i ng LAN Em ul ation A TM Netw orks A LAN Emulation network p ro vides t he abil ity to run networ k appli catio ns over A TM and maintain the leg acy LANs’ well-esta blishe d envir onment.
ATM Networ k Ex ample s 29 CoreBuil der 700 0HD sw itch es to fo rm a r obust n etw ork co r e wi th a v ery high b andw idt h cap a ble o f serving t he e ntire hea dq uarte rs n etwor k.
30 C HAPTER 1: ATM N ETWORK B ASICS ..
ATM Networ k Ex ample s 31 Figur e 6 The CoreBu ilder 70 00 Fami ly Sw itch in a Hea dquarters Net work Regi o na l and B ranc h Of f ice s T he n etw ork s sho wn i n Fi gure 7 are install ed in a regiona l and br anch offic e of the enter prise.
32 C HAPTER 1: ATM N ETWORK B ASICS.
ATM Networ k Ex ample s 33 Figur e 7 Regional and Br anch Networks VP T unne lin g ov er W AN The thr ee enterp rise n etworks ill ust rated ar e co nnect ed o ver a W AN V P sw itch b y m e ans of VP tunne li ng. The fu ll set of LAN E servic es a r e p r ovide d, includi ng broadc ast ser vices t o al l st ations i n the enter p rise.
34 C HAPTER 1: ATM N ETWORK B ASICS Figur e 8 LA NE Ne tw or k o ve r W AN.
2 N ET WOR K I NTE RFACE M AN AGEME NT This ch apter provid es ba sic c onc ept s a nd inf orma tio n abo ut : Networ k Inter faces I ntegrate d Local Manag ement In ter face (ILM I) Basic I LMI Func .
36 C HAPTER 2: N ETWORK I NTERFACE M ANAGEMENT Figur e 9 A T ypical Network Us er N etwo r k Inte rface A User Networ k Interf ace (UNI) o perat es between an A TM user and a pri vate A TM switch, or between a private A TM swi tch and th e public carr ier A TM network.
Int egr at ed Loca l Manag ement I nt erf ac e (ILMI ) 37 The IL MI functio ns for an A TM interface p r ovide sta tus , config urati on, stati stics, and c ont rol info rma tion about ph ysical and A TM l aye r para met ers o f the A TM i nterf ac e.
38 C HAPTER 2: N ETWORK I NTERFACE M ANAGEMENT Basic ILMI Func tions This secti on discusses the foll owing ILMI services p r ovided by IME: Statu s In form ati on UNI Ad dress Re gistration Ac ces s .
B asi c ILM I Fu nct ion s 39 of ad dressing inf orma tion betwe en the us er and t he ne tw ork at the UNI , at in iti aliz ati on and at ot her ti mes, as req uir ed .
40 C HAPTER 2: N ETWORK I NTERFACE M ANAGEMENT I nter national Code Designator is mai ntained by the Brit ish Standa rd s Institut e. T he l engt h o f this f ield is tw o o ctets. E.16 4 A TM fo rmat — speci fie s Integ rated Servi ces Digit al Netwo rk num ber s.
B asi c ILM I Fu nct ion s 41 r eg ister ed at the port , th e member ID c an be used t o access a v irtu al ch anne l to displ ay i nfor ma tio n abo ut cal ls on that ch annel.
42 C HAPTER 2: N ETWORK I NTERFACE M ANAGEMENT Au tom a ti c Con figuration Proc ed u res This section d iscusses t he following t opics: Au to-Di sc over y Auto- Con figur atio n Modi fic ation of Lo.
Automa tic Conf igur ati on Proce dure s 43 commands . The fo llowin g tab le shows t he var ious o perat ional stat es that can occ ur w hen y ou di sable eithe r a uto-d iscov ery or auto -conf igur ation : Auto -Dis co very The auto -disc over y pr oce dur e c onfig ur es th e two par ameter s: A TM I nterf ace type an d IME T ype.
44 C HAPTER 2: N ETWORK I NTERFACE M ANAGEMENT The deter minat ion of th e A TM i nterf ace type and IME ty pe is disc ussed in th e fo ll ow i ng se ct io n s.
Automa tic Conf igur ati on Proce dure s 45 Ta b l e 8 sh ows t he p ossible r esults of aut o-discovery in this case. Auto-d isc over y sets t he IME type by comp ari ng the syst em ID of t h e loca l swit ch wit h that of th e peer swit ch.
46 C HAPTER 2: N ETWORK I NTERFACE M ANAGEMENT I f the peer is r unnin g E-IISP , the IME type is de te rmined auto mati cal ly as sh o w n in T abl e 11 but if t he peer i s running IISP you n eed to config ur e the loca l swi tch by LM A .
Automa tic Conf igur ati on Proce dure s 47 I f the peer is r unning ILMI 4 .0, t he IME ty pe is det erm ined aut omati cally as sh ow n in T abl e 1 4 but if th e peer is runn ing ILM I vers ion 3 .0 or 3 .1 yo u need to con figur e the loc al swit ch by LMA.
48 C HAPTER 2: N ETWORK I NTERFACE M ANAGEMENT a sum ma ry of the LMA settings (c olum ns 3, 4) n eed ed t o ach iev e a desired in terfac e ty pe a nd IME t ype (co lumns 1 ,2). Vi ew ing Au to -Disc o very Re su lts Y ou ca n view: I f auto -dis cov ery is enab led or not.
Automa tic Conf igur ati on Proce dure s 49 ILMI Version ILMI ver sio ns 3. 0, 3 .1, an d 4.0 are av ailabl e on th e C oreBuilde r 700 0 fami ly A TM swit ch. The ILMI versi on is selecte d to be ILMI 4.0 if both devic es supp ort ILM I 4. 0 protoc ol, ot her wise i t w ill b e set t o ILM I 3.
50 C HAPTER 2: N ETWORK I NTERFACE M ANAGEMENT 3 The local change of attr ibut e mechanism caus es the ILMI in b oth s witch es to r estart, an d the fla sh valu es—UNI 4.0 i n both switc hes —are loaded as cu rrent val ues. A u to-c onf igur ation now s ees t hat bo th A and B a re UNI 4.
Automa tic Conf igur ati on Proce dure s 51 4 Sends a coldSta rt T rap to it s pee r IME enti ty to indicat e th e inter fac e is r estarti ng. 5 Reinv okes any automatic c onfig urati on pr ocedu re. 6 Performs add r ess registration, if necessary . 7 Declar es ILMI Conne ctivi ty to be r e-establ ished.
52 C HAPTER 2: N ETWORK I NTERFACE M ANAGEMENT 5 Performs add r ess registration, if necessary . Y ou ca n cont rol th e se nsitivit y o f d etect ing a chang e of a ttachm ent by adjust ing the Link Man ag eme nt polling rat e thr ou gh the LMA (see “Up date I LMI C h annel Po lling I nterval ” on p age 1 39 in t he M ana gemen t Gu ide ).
3 E- II S P P RO T O C O L This ch apter provid es ba sic c onc ept s a nd inf orma tio n abo ut : I nt ro du c ing E n h a nc ed Int er im I nt erS wi tc h Pr otoc o l ( E -I I S P ) I ISP vs.
54 C HAPTER 3: E-I ISP P ROTOCOL W ith IISP , routing dec isions are made o n a switch- by-switch basis. One swit ch sends a r eq uest for an SVC to another , and the r eceivi ng swit ch sear c hes it s addr e ss tab le for t he dest inatio n addr e ss.
Hiera rc hy in an E- I ISP N etwork 55 Hi erarc h y in a n E-I IS P N etw or k E-IISP a ls o i ntr o duced the co ncept o f h ier ar chy in a net work des ign. Using E -IISP , most 3C om A T M n etw orks ar e b ase d in the A TM address of 47. 0.0.0.0.
56 C HAPTER 3: E-I ISP P ROTOCOL Figur e 11 A TM Addr ess Component s The A TM addr ess has 20 byt es, which ar e divided into a 13-byte Netwo rk Pr efi x and a 7-by te User Par t. Thes e ar e fur ther divided into fiel ds shown in T a b l e 1 7 . The AFI and AFI-sp ecific fie lds sho uld be the sa me.
Hiera rc hy in an E- I ISP N etwork 57 Figur e 12 Fields A vai lable for Switch Addr es s Each o f the fi eld s RD an d A R EA i s two by tes long a nd a byt e i s r epr es en t ed by t wo he xad ec i ma l di gi ts 0 -F so th at fi e l ds R D and A RE A toget her ar e r e pr es ented by eight he xadecima l digi ts.
58 C HAPTER 3: E-I ISP P ROTOCOL Con fig uri ng N etwo rk A TM Addr esse s After t he addr essi ng schem e is estab li she d, you use ei ther t he I nteg rated Fast Setup proce dure or spe c ific L MA.
P lanni ng a Ne twork wit h E -II SP 59 LAN E r edu ndan cy Hie rar c hi cal T opol og y As di scusse d p r ev iously , the r outin g al gori thm of E-IIS P a ssumes that yo u have c ons tructed y our net wor k with a hierarchic al t opo logy . As an examp le, cr eate a hierar ch ical s witch to pology c onsist ing of thr e e tr ees.
60 C HAPTER 3: E-I ISP P ROTOCOL Figur e 13 Hierar chic al Swi tch Addres sing in Tr ee T opology After you hav e set up t he addressi ng sc hem e in this mann er , the r outing al gori thm ensu r es .
E-II SP Hier ar chical Rout ing Al gor ithm 61 The u ser part corr espondi ng to th e user p art of the A TM destin at ion address of t he recei ving A TM user . 2 The C oreBuilder 70 00 f amil y A TM sw itch c omp a r es the A TM dest ination address with t he full A TM add ress of each of its UNI nei ghb ors.
62 C HAPTER 3: E-I ISP P ROTOCOL is C.2.1 . A* l ooks a t i ts ne ighbo rs an d no tices t hat no ne of t hem begin w ith the C * prefix. T he on ly op tion is to use t he def aul t por t. Since B* ha s the short est net wor k prefix w h ich is not long e r than A* it is use d as th e de fau lt po rt.
E-II SP Hier ar chical Rout ing Al gor ithm 63 The c rankback mec hanism elimin at es the need for the orig inal tr a ns m it ti n g s t at i on t o rel e as e an d re-e s t a bl is h th e c al l.
64 C HAPTER 3: E-I ISP P ROTOCOL Figur e 14 Alternate Routes in an A TM N et work Alternat e ro utes ar e d esir able fo r the f ollo wing re asons : Divi ding the loa d b etwe en n odes ove r se ver al links r edu ces c ong es tion (see ne xt se c tion) I f one link fails , an alt ernate lin k can be used.
E-II SP Hier ar chical Rout ing Al gor ithm 65 Ro uti ng T ab le As t he routi ng algo rith m es ta blishe s the inter nal co nne cti ons, it also establi shes a routing tabl e. F or e ach c onn ectio n it establ ishe s, the al gori thm stor es a ltern ate l in ks that it mi ght ha ve used ins tead of th e on e i t did use.
66 C HAPTER 3: E-I ISP P ROTOCOL L ANE Re dun danc y If yo u a r e go ing to pr o vide LA N E redun danc y in you r ne tw ork , pay spe c ial atten ti on to cr eating alternat e ro utes be tween nod es.
4 P RIVATE N ET WOR K - TO -N ETWO RK I NTERFA CE (PNNI) V ERSION 1. 0 This ch apter provid es ba sic c onc ept s a nd inf orma tio n abo ut : In trod uci ng P N N I V ers i on 1 .0 PNNI vs. E-IIS P PNNI Ro uting Configurin g t he P NNI Net work PNNI Si gnaling Pr otoc ol PNNI is a vai lable i n ve rsion 4.
68 C HAPTER 4: P RIV ATE N ETWORK - TO -N ETWORK I NTER FACE (PNNI ) V ER SION 1. 0 any one node. T h ese ar e th e addre sses of the n ode s that an y o ne n ode i s physi cal ly or l ogica lly c onn ect ed to .
PNNI v s. E -II SP 69 Adv an tag es o f Impl ement ing a PNN I Ne two rk T her e ar e many advantages o f implem entin g a network with PNNI. F irst , it cr e ates a m or e stab le network. Si nce the n odes ar e awa r e of every netwo rk p r o blem (l ow b a ndwi dth, no c onn ect ion, e tc.
70 C HAPTER 4: P RIV ATE N ETWORK - TO -N ETWORK I NTER FACE (PNNI ) V ER SION 1. 0 Figur e 15 Looping in e- IISP This figu re show s a sam pl e net work t op ology , in w hich the s igna l is sen t as f ollo ws: Swi tch E is trans mitt ing to Switch A.
PNNI Rou ting 71 Swi tch D now h as a dec isio n to make. It d oes not know t hat Swit ch B i s connected to Switc h A. Swit ch D can eithe r send t he signal t o Sw itch F or to Swit ch B. Shou ld i t choo se to se nd to F (as sh ow n in num be r 3), t hen S witch F will se nd th e sig nal to E (as s ho wn i n n um ber 4 ).
72 C HAPTER 4: P RIV ATE N ETWORK - TO -N ETWORK I NTER FACE (PNNI ) V ER SION 1. 0 Fo r i n f or m a t io n o n th e A TM a d dre ss fo rm at , re fe r t o " A T M A d d ress Fo rmat" o n p ag e 84 in the M ana gement G uide . Once th e node is p ut into a gr oup, the grou ps ar e lin ked an d a hierar c hy is create d.
PNNI Rou ting 73 In F i gu re 16 , a fla t netw ork , wh ich ha s 17 n odes, i s sh own. E ach n ode is deno ted by a l et ter a nd 2 nu mber s (X .1.1 ). Figur e 16 A N et wo r k Wi t h No Hi e ra rc h y A.1 .1 A.1 .2 A.1 . 3 A.1 . 4 A.1 .5 A.1 .6 A.
74 C HAPTER 4: P RIV ATE N ETWORK - TO -N ETWORK I NTER FACE (PNNI ) V ER SION 1. 0 In F i gu re 17 , the hi erar c hic al netwo rk is cr e ated with th e same nod es. Each n ode b elongs t o one o f t he pee r grou ps. Thi s ex am ple w ill al so b e used in lat er sec tion s to descr ibe t he di fferent aspe cts of PN NI.
PNNI Rou ting 75 while complete info rmation is tr ansmitted d ownstr eam. This inf ormation is sto r ed in t he top ology d ataba se. In t his net wor k to polog y , yo u can also see t hat ther e ar e 14 bor d er nod es.
76 C HAPTER 4: P RIV ATE N ETWORK - TO -N ETWORK I NTER FACE (PNNI ) V ER SION 1. 0 One Node ’ s View of the Netw ork In F i gu re 18 , t he n e twork view o f n ode A. 3.1 is sh own. T he sol id li nes i n the f igur e r ep re s ent phys ical con nectio ns.
PNNI Rou ting 77 Inform ation Ex chan g e in PN N I Each n ode e x chan ges he llo pa c kets wi th i ts im media te n eighbo rs an d uses this in formatio n to determine its loc al state in formation. He llo M e ssa ge s In F igure 17 the r e ar e 3 pee r groups.
78 C HAPTER 4: P RIV ATE N ETWORK - TO -N ETWORK I NTER FACE (PNNI ) V ER SION 1. 0 Ta b l e 1 9 show s the list of in form ation nod e A.1.2 co llects f r om i ts neighb or s afte r the h ello p r oto cols are sent. The l ear ning does n ot stop h ere.
PNNI Rou ting 79 In F i gu re 20 , n ode A .1.2 will no t t ran smit info rmati on ab out A.2 .1, becau s e A.1.2 i s in pe er group A.1 and A .2.1 is in pe er group A .
80 C HAPTER 4: P RIV ATE N ETWORK - TO -N ETWORK I NTER FACE (PNNI ) V ER SION 1. 0 Figur e 21 Partial T opology Databa se Readout Pe er Group L ea der El e ct i on s After the topol ogy da ta base s of e ach peer g r o up ar e sy nch r oni zed, the nod es as k each ot her for the ir prior ity lev el.
PNNI Rou ting 81 hier ar chy lev el wher e i t will meet th e leaders o f B and C. Aggr egate d i nformatio n is exc hanged and eac h node will transmit down th e hierar c hy all tha t it ha s learn e d. At t his po int the c omp l ete t opo logy d ataba se f or each no de has bee n fill ed.
82 C HAPTER 4: P RIV ATE N ETWORK - TO -N ETWORK I NTER FACE (PNNI ) V ER SION 1. 0 Figur e 23 The Entir e Network At t his point, in form at ion fr o m eac h gr ou p is dis t ribu ted to the th ir d le vel hier ar chy .
PNNI Rou ting 83 the hie rar ch y). T able 21 shows t he up dat ed to polog y da ta base that no de A.1 .2 will h ave af ter r eceivi ng th is n ew in form ati on.
84 C HAPTER 4: P RIV ATE N ETWORK - TO -N ETWORK I NTER FACE (PNNI ) V ER SION 1. 0 Con figuring the P NNI Ne two r k When config uring a PNNI network, it is essen tial th at each node has a uniq ue addr ess wh ich r epr esents a pict ur e of wher e the node is in th e hier ar chy .
Con figur ing t he PNNI N etwork 85 A TM Addr essi ng Exa mple If we t a ke pe er g r o ups A, B, and C fr om Fi gu r e 1 7 as an example, eac h nod e in t he grou ps wou ld ha ve the f ollow ing A T M a dd r esses a s pr esent ed i n T able 2 3 : The PTSEs an d the pr iorit y levels ar e cr eate d based on th is addr essing sch eme.
86 C HAPTER 4: P RIV ATE N ETWORK - TO -N ETWORK I NTER FACE (PNNI ) V ER SION 1. 0 para mete rs that the A TM netwo rk must hav e to be able t o guaran tee t he signal estab lishm ent.
PNNI S ign aling P rotocol 87 PNN I Sign aling Protocol This sect ion wi ll cove r PNN I sign aling . T o pics t hat will be cov ered inc lude : PNNI Si gnaling Estab lishin g a Channel in PNNI Cran kba ck and A lter nate Rout ing PNNI Signalin g As s tate d earl ier , PNNI is a signalin g p r ot ocol used between network s, not user s.
88 C HAPTER 4: P RIV ATE N ETWORK - TO -N ETWORK I NTER FACE (PNNI ) V ER SION 1. 0 mechan isms th at ens ur e that th e data will be tran sfer r ed with out ha ving to send a disconne ct messag e to t h e sour ce. Esta bl ishi ng a Chann el in P NNI wi th a Fla t Ne tw ork In t his se ction, t he e x ampl e sho wn i n F igure 27 w ill be u s ed.
PNNI S ign aling P rotocol 89 co nnect ion is est abl ishe d and th e da ta is sen t. Thes e con ne ctions a re perman ent b ecause th ey ar e est abl ished adm inis trativ ely , rather th an on a deman d b a sis. If the signa l is t o be e sta blish ed b y dema nd , it i s kno w n as a soft PVC or soft PVCC.
90 C HAPTER 4: P RIV ATE N ETWORK - TO -N ETWORK I NTER FACE (PNNI ) V ER SION 1. 0 The si gnal be tw een no de s A.2 .3 an d A.2 .2 h as fai led. A . 2.
PNNI S ign aling P rotocol 91 Figur e 30 Alternate Rout ing Esta bl ishi ng a C hanne l in a Hierarch ica l Ne tw ork In t his se ction, t he e x ampl e sho wn i n F igure 27 w ill be u s ed. No de A.1 .1 want s to establi sh a c onn e ction t o send da ta to nod e A.
92 C HAPTER 4: P RIV ATE N ETWORK - TO -N ETWORK I NTER FACE (PNNI ) V ER SION 1. 0 Figur e 31 Signal ing in a Hier ar ch ical Netw ork Ther e ar e many pat hs th at the sig nal ca n take. Base d on r eachab ili ty , Q oS metr ic s and curr ent in form ati on avail a ble abou t the li n ks, t he path fr o m A.
PNNI S ign aling P rotocol 93 Alte rnat e Rout ing and C rankb ack Occas ion ally , after th e decisi on has been made by the switc h to open a ch anne l in a cer tai n direction, th e link m ay f ail o r t he a ttr ibut es ma y ch ange.
94 C HAPTER 4: P RIV ATE N ETWORK - TO -N ETWORK I NTER FACE (PNNI ) V ER SION 1. 0 Figur e 33 Crank back i n a H ierar chy In F i gu re 33 , the sig nal cr ankedbac k 1 hop. In a hi erar c hical n etwork the signal on ly has t o c rankb ack to t he fir st node it can find tha t has an al ternate path ava ilable.
PNNI S ign aling P rotocol 95 Figur e 34 Alternate Rout ing in a Hiera r chy I n this exam ple a new DTL is gener ated as shown and the s ign al is sent. At no point in the pr ocess i s the call r elea sed. This sav es time and pr even ts h aving to cran kback comp lete ly to the sour c e, ther eb y savin g valuab le reso ur ces.
96 C HAPTER 4: P RIV ATE N ETWORK - TO -N ETWORK I NTER FACE (PNNI ) V ER SION 1. 0.
5 E STABLISHING AT M C HA NNELS A TM is a connec ti on-or iented tr ansport serv ice , much like a t eleph one. Unli ke Ethe r ne t, w here da ta is sen t out on a com mon bu s, A T M requires that a .
98 C HAPTER 5: E STABLISHING ATM C HANNEL S This se ctio n d iscusses t he ext er n al link, e sta blish ed by signal ing. For a discu ssion of the int er nal l inks , whic h a re establ ished b y rou ting, see “Ro utin g — I nte rna l Li n ks” on page 1 25 in the M an ag eme nt G uide .
Vir tua l Channel s 99 Ext er nal Links – A TM Con nect i on s Each external l ink, r efer r ed to as an A TM c onn e ctio n , is un iq uely cha racteriz ed by a pair of integers VP I and VCI call ed the V irtual Path I denti fie r an d V irtual C hannel Id entif ier .
10 0 C HAPTER 5: E STABLISHING ATM C HANNEL S S wi tch ed Vir t u al C hanne l s A vi rt ual cha nne l can be se t up ei t h er au t oma tic a ll y by s ig nal li ng, i n whic h case it is cal led a s.
VP Tunnel i ng 101 . VP T unne lin g As m en tion ed previou sl y , a v irtua l pa th (V P) i s a se t of vi rtual ch anne ls wi th a commo n VP I value . A VP t unn el ( virtua l pat h t unn el) is a vi rtual path which h as been extended to include a signalin g c hannel and an ILMI channel, in addition to the call channels.
10 2 C HAPTER 5: E STABLISHING ATM C HANNEL S On e VP t un nel per port ca n b e alloc a ted to poi nt-t o-mu lti point cal ls. Each of thes e VP tunne ls is as socia ted with a virt ual UNI; it has i ts own ILMI MIB , UME man age ment , and addressi ng o per ations (see “Vi rtual UNI” o n pa g e 104 i n the Ma nage men t Gui de ).
VP Tunnel i ng 103 hav e the same sou r ce and des tinat ion ar e as signed th e same VPI v alue, they ar e s wi tched mor e e f fi cient ly by th e VP swit ch. LANE over W A N The W AN VP switc h allo cates th e VPI values whic h ar e th en used to establ ish t he CoreBu ilder V P tun nel s.
10 4 C HAPTER 5: E STABLISHING ATM C HANNEL S Figur e 36 LAN ov er W A N V irtual U NI As defined in th e basic UNI speci ficati o n, eac h ILMI MIB is i ntended to maintai n manage ment inf ormation abo ut a singl e inter fac e.
S ignal in g — Extern al L ink s 105 Sign ali ng Pr oto col A TM u ses th e UN I signa ling st and ard proto col for dy namica lly establ ishi ng , mai nta inin g and cl eari ng SVC co nnect i ons betwe en endp oint s.
10 6 C HAPTER 5: E STABLISHING ATM C HANNEL S Each me ssage i s com posed of informat ion e leme nts that carry th e deta ils of th e messa ge. Di splayi ng S igna lin g M ess ag es T o displ ay signa ling m essag es statistic s, s ee “S ignal ing St atistics” on page 247 in t he M ana gem en t Gui de .
S ignal in g — Extern al L ink s 107 CAL L-PR OCE EDI NG Sup pression” o n pa g e 208 in the Ma nage men t Gu ide ). CONN ECT M es s ag e The CO NNECT sign aling messa ge is sent in response to the SE TUP co mman d.
10 8 C HAPTER 5: E STABLISHING ATM C HANNEL S Dis pl ay ing t he Sign ali ng Pr otocol P r of ile T o displ ay or upd ate the sig nalin g pr oto col pr o file, se e “Upd ate Signali ng Pr o tocol P rofile” o n pa g e 202 in t he M a nageme n t Gui de .
S ignal in g — Extern al L ink s 109 Poi nt-t o -Mul ti point Calls A poin t- to-m ulti p oin t cal l is a col lec tio n of asso cia ted A TM VC or VP lin ks, with asso ci ated e n dpoin t node s. A c onn ection is d efined a s a se cti on of a call.
11 0 C HAPTER 5: E STABLISHING ATM C HANNEL S Figur e 38 Signaling Message Sequence for a P oint-to-Point Connec tion Poi nt- t o-Mul ti po int Conn ect ion Figu re 39 sho ws th e seque nce of signali.
S ignal in g — Extern al L ink s 111 Figur e 39 Signaling Message Sequence for a Point-to-Multipoint Conne ction Si gn al i n g T i me rs Ea ch sign aling protoco l com e s wi th a set o f timer s, on e for each ty pe o f mess age in th e pr otoc ol.
11 2 C HAPTER 5: E STABLISHING ATM C HANNEL S T able 28 Q.2931 W atc hdog Tim ers — User End Timer Name Default Time-out Star t Ti mer Stop Ti mer T301 180 ALER TING rece iv ed CONNECT receive d T30.
S ignal in g — Extern al L ink s 113 Tim er Resolution All the tim ers in th e Q.2931 an d Q.SAAL pr otoco l ar e based on a co mmo n t ime r tick- len gth cal le d th e ti m e r r e s ol ut io n . When the ti m er r es olutio n is ch anged, all t ime rs ar e af fected.
11 4 C HAPTER 5: E STABLISHING ATM C HANNEL S ( see “Up date P rotoc ol T i mer Resolut ion” on p a ge 21 2 i n the Ma nageme n t Gui de ). Signalin g A AL The sig nalin g descri bed p r evio usly ta kes pl ace in sign aling channe ls kept separ ate f r om the c hannels u sed for da ta tr ansmissi on.
Signal ing AAL 115 SSCO P Timers Ta b l e 3 1 a nd T a ble 32 p r e sent t he S SCO P watc hdog t imers. Manage ment dat a trans fer MD Unassur ed t ran sf er o f manag ement data T able 30 SSC OP PDU.
11 6 C HAPTER 5: E STABLISHING ATM C HANNEL S For s tabil ity , the tim er No-Res ponse s hould be gr eat er t han the t imer Keep- Alive an d the ti mer No-R esponse s hould be gr eat er t han the ti mer Poll. T imer No-Re spon se a nd timer C C sh ould be set to a va lue grea ter than th e r o und trip delay .
Call Admissi on Cont rol 117 Ca ll Adm is s ion Con tr ol The C o r eBuilde r 70 00 f amil y A TM switc h u ses ca ll ad missi on cont rol (CAC) algori thms during th e establishmen t o f a vi rtual channel to det ermine whe the r a co nnec tion requ est shou ld be acce pte d or reject ed.
11 8 C HAPTER 5: E STABLISHING ATM C HANNEL S Susta in ed cell rate ( SCR) — average cel l rat e over tim e, taking into ac co u nt b urst t ra ffi c The GCAC algorithm consists of the follo wing st eps: 1 Read th e peak cel l rat e (PCR) and t he susta ined cell r ate (SCR ) fr om the tr affi c c ont ra c t of the ca ll.
Call Admissi on Cont rol 119 Figur e 40 Switch Cel l Rate Ut ilizat ion for VBR and CBR Service C lasse s GCA C for AB R Serv ice Cl ass The GCAC for the ABR service is similar to that of the VBR servic e except that it is ba sed on the mi nimum cell rate (MCR) pa rameter r ead fr o m the tr affi c c ont ra c t.
12 0 C HAPTER 5: E STABLISHING ATM C HANNEL S UN I Sig na lin g 4 .0 Fe atur es This sec ti on descr ibes th e featur es ad ded in UNI Signal ing 4. 0 which ar e supp orted by t he C oreBui lde r 7000 fam ily A TM sw it ch.
UNI Signal ing 4. 0 Feature s 121 Si gna li ng of I ndivi dual Q oS Para meters The C oreBu ilder 700 0 switch l ets you indi cat e in dividua l qu ality of se rvice para meter v alues f or a specif ic ca ll. Th is info r mation take p r eced ence ov er the st andar d QoS par ameters an d is pa ssed ove r the netwo rk.
12 2 C HAPTER 5: E STABLISHING ATM C HANNEL S Mess ag e Conv ers i on Bet ween S igna li ng Pr o toc ol s In order to transm it a sign aling messa ge across interfac es which have dif ferent sig na ling protoc ol s at eac h end , th e CoreBui lder 700 0 swi tch per forms message c onve rsion.
Qual ity of Ser vi ce Pa ramet er s 123 The bandwid t h availa ble fr om the networ k may vary , but does not become less than M CR . The C o r eBu ilder 70 00 sw itch fo rwards t he AB R i nfor mation t o the end users. Thr e e info rmation elemen ts ar e i nvolved in the sig nalin g of ABR capabi lit y: 1 A TM tr affic desc riptor .
12 4 C HAPTER 5: E STABLISHING ATM C HANNEL S This c apabi lity app lies onl y when the SETUP message c ontain s a Broadb and be ar er c apabi lity , t hat is, w h en " ABR" is in dica ted in th e A TM tran sfer capabili ty fiel d.
R outing — I nt ern al L ink s 125 Uns pe cif ie d Bi t Ra te Serv ice Class The Unspec ified Bit Rate s ervic e class is inten ded for non-r eal ti me applic ati ons. These ar e ap plic ati ons that d o not re q uir e tig htly co nstrai ned d ela y and d elay variat ion.
12 6 C HAPTER 5: E STABLISHING ATM C HANNEL S The fo llow ing desc ript ion o f the routi ng m eth od assu mes t hat an exter na l link of a virt ual ch a nnel has a lread y b een establ ishe d to an inpu t p or t of the swi tch.
R outing — I nt ern al L ink s 127 but on a different br anch . I n case m ore than on e neighb or’ s add ress partia lly ma tches, the sh or test address i s ch osen. If neit her a fu ll or par tial ma tch is fo und, the algor ithm seeks a neighb or ’ s netwo rk prefix who se significant leng th is sh orter than that of th e sw itch i tself.
12 8 C HAPTER 5: E STABLISHING ATM C HANNEL S No VCC availab le — Nu mber of VCCs exceed a limit No rat e availab le — No avai lable b andwidth Resou r ce s unav ailabl e — Nod e inter nal r eso.
Ph ysica l -Li nk Fa il ure Ind i cato r 129 The r eco very pr oc ess pr oceed s in the fo llowin g steps: 1 The li nk f ailu r e i s det ect ed a nd the s ystem soft war e i s n oti fied. 2 The ILMI servi ce delet es A TM addr esses of devices on the faile d link which were regist ered by I LMI .
13 0 C HAPTER 5: E STABLISHING ATM C HANNEL S : T able 34 Par ameters in Sel ecting Link- Failur e Sensitivit y Sensit ivi ty Time (seco nds) Speed of Detection Certai nty of Detection High 5 High Low.
6 AT M S WI TCHI NG The pr ev ious two chapter s pr esented th e concept o f virt ual channel , what a vir tual c ha nnel i s and how it is bu ilt . This ch apter discu sses ho w A T M data travels , or is swit ched, over a virt ua l channel.
13 2 C HAPTER 6: ATM S WITCHING A TM S wit ch in g A TM swi t chin g is per form ed at the A TM l ayer th r ough vi rtua l ch anne ls . Indivi du al cells are swit ched ov er the chan ne l th r ough t he ne tw ork base d on t h e cell header .
AT M S witc h in g 133 The c all is t ransfer r ed as fo ll ows: 1 The edge devic e tr anslates the Et hernet frames into A TM cells an d fo rw a rds t he m to th e A T M o u tp ut por t .
13 4 C HAPTER 6: ATM S WITCHING T raff ic St atis tic s The CoreBuil der ® 7000 famil y A TM swit ch provides th e following types of flo w sta t ist i cs Gene ral Swi tch St ati stics Phy sical Stat.
Traff i c Man agement 135 Tr a f f i c Ma n a ge me nt The C o r eBu ilder 70 00 f ami ly A TM swi tch p r ovi des se ver al tra f fic manag em ent serv ices for handl ing con ges tion includ in g: Fr.
13 6 C HAPTER 6: ATM S WITCHING The EF CI bit in the Pay load T ype I dentifie r (PTI) fiel d in the c ell head er i s set wh en c ongest ion i s en cou ntered. The EFCI bit i s set b ased on one o f the follow ing define d out pu t que ue l evel s: 20% f ull, 50% f ull , 80% ful l.
7 LAN E M ULATION V ER SI ON S 1. 0 AND 2.0 This ch apter prov ides a ge ner al o ver vie w of LA N E mula tio n inc lu ding t he followi ng topi cs: LAN Emulati o n Over view Emulate d LAN Components.
13 8 C HAPTER 7: LAN E MUL ATION V ERSIONS 1. 0 AND 2.0 st acks (i.e. APPN, Net B IOS, IPX , AppleT alk, et c.) as if t hey were runni ng over a t rad itional LA N.
Em ul ate d L AN C o mp on e n ts 139 Figur e 44 LUNI Inter face i n Relation to L ANE Clients and Se rvices LAN Emu lat ion C li ent (LE C ) The L AN Emu lati o n Client (L EC) per forms data fo rwar.
14 0 C HAPTER 7: LAN E MUL ATION V ERSIONS 1. 0 AND 2.0 LAN Emul at i o n Se r v er (L ES) The L AN Emu lati o n Server (LES) coo r dinates and cont ro ls an ELAN. It provid es the c e ntral “d irectory” se rvice of a n ELA N to wh ich a LE C can tur n to look up the A TM ad dre ss of a nothe r LE C.
Emul ated LAN Conn ect io ns 141 Co nfi guri ng LAN E Int o Y o u r Ne t work LAN E can b e con figu red in an A TM ne tw ork in s eve ral w ay s : T o c on n e ct l eg a c y en d st at io ns d i r ec.
14 2 C HAPTER 7: LAN E MUL ATION V ERSIONS 1. 0 AND 2.0 Dat a V CC s Data VCCs carr y dat a fra mes between LECs and between a LEC and the BUS. U ni cast data is n or mally sent from on e LE C t o an oth er L EC by data -dire ct V CCs.
Emul ated LAN Conn ect io ns 143 Figur e 46 VCCs in LAN Emulat ion Components Fr am e O r der i ng Ther e ar e two pa ths for unicast f rames be tween a sendin g LAN Emulatio n Cli ent and a r eceiv ing client: one via th e BUS and one v ia a data d irec t VCC bet we en t hem.
14 4 C HAPTER 7: LAN E MUL ATION V ERSIONS 1. 0 AND 2.0 Figur e 47 The Flush P rotoc ol Oper ation of th e LA N Em ulat i on The f ollo win g func tion s are pe rforme d b y the L AN Em ul ation. T he LA N Emulati o n Cli ents ( LEC) an d th e LAN Emulatio n Serv ers intera c t by way of a wel l-def ined int erf ace (L UNI).
Op er ati on o f the LA N Em ul at io n 145 The est abl ishment of a c onnect ion to t he BUS by the L AN Emu l ati on Cli ent. The L E CS C o nnec t a nd Con figu rat ion p ha ses m ay be b ypasse d for cer tain appli catio ns.
14 6 C HAPTER 7: LAN E MUL ATION V ERSIONS 1. 0 AND 2.0 r egi ster all LAN destinat ions for which it i s r esponsible, o r join as a pr oxy to othe r M AC add r esses. Addr es s Reso luti on Addr ess r eso luti on is the p r ocedur e b y which a LEC associat es a LAN destin ation with t he A TM address of ano th er LEC or the BU S.
LAN Emulati on i n the Cor eBu ilder 7000 147 . Updatin g EL AN P arame ters Thes e ELA N param e ters can be displa yed a nd u pdat ed by man a geme nt.
14 8 C HAPTER 7: LAN E MUL ATION V ERSIONS 1. 0 AND 2.0 standa r d a ddressing p r o tocol. T h is is d iscussed in mo re deta il in the ne xt section. When the connec tion of LEC to LECS is est ablish ed, the L ECS i dentifi es an appropria te LE S using the se arch policie s discu ssed be low an d tran sfer s the LES addr ess to th e LEC.
LAN Emulati on i n the Cor eBu ilder 7000 149 The A TM addr ess o f the LES with whic h it wish es to commu nicat e over an EL AN The MAC addre s s of the LES wit h which it wish es to com municate ov.
15 0 C HAPTER 7: LAN E MUL ATION V ERSIONS 1. 0 AND 2.0 Figur e 50 LES and BUS Connections Addr es s Reso luti on When a LEC needs to fo r w ar d a unicast d ata fram e whose LAN dest ination is n ot fo und in its loc a l Forw arding D ata Base it a ttempt s t o l ocate a LEC that r epr ese nt s the LAN dest inatio n on the A TM network.
LAN Emulati on i n the Cor eBu ilder 7000 151 desti natio n in its FDB ARP-cache. The way the L ES handles L E_ARP r eq uests ca n b e con figu red by ma nage m ent (see “Co nfigu ring LE S LE_A RP P o licies” on p a ge 15 1 ).
15 2 C HAPTER 7: LAN E MUL ATION V ERSIONS 1. 0 AND 2.0 . LE_ A RP Res pon se Po l icy for Route De scr ipt o rs This is a n add itiona l pol icy for respo nding to LE_ ARP requ ests w h en t he spec ifi ed ELAN is a T oken Ring ELAN and when th e LAN destinat ion is a r out e de scri ptor .
LAN E m ulation Redundanc y 153 LA N Em ulat i on Redund an cy This se ctio n d escribes the c on cept s and pl anning of r ed undan t L AN Emulati o n serv ices and is r elevant to ne tworks t hat have mor e than on e Cor eBuild er 7000 family A TM switch installed .
15 4 C HAPTER 7: LAN E MUL ATION V ERSIONS 1. 0 AND 2.0 LAN E S ervic es in the CoreBuild er 7 000 Fa mi ly A TM Sw it c h Car d As disc ussed i n previous se ctions, th e LAN Em ulation serv ices pro.
LAN E m ulation Redundanc y 155 establi shed as the activ e LEC S by assoc iatin g its a ddress wi th th e “we ll-kno w n” address. Then , a LEC at tem pt ing to establ ish a co nnect ion to t he LECS via th e well-kn own addr ess is r edir e cted to est ablish a co nnect ion to the ne wly-a cti vat ed LE CS.
15 6 C HAPTER 7: LAN E MUL ATION V ERSIONS 1. 0 AND 2.0 about the LESs associa ted with each ELAN and can take over as the activ e LECS at an y time. LMA C omma nds T o enter t he pri mary LES b y LMA.
LAN E m ulation Redundanc y 157 Figur e 51 A TM Connections be tween LECS and LE S I f the primary LE S fo r an ELAN is marked operatio nal, the L ECS assig ns it as t he acti ve LES an d the seco ndary as th e r e dundant LES, oth erwise the seco ndar y LES is assi gned as ac tive.
15 8 C HAPTER 7: LAN E MUL ATION V ERSIONS 1. 0 AND 2.0 : The L ECS has d eter mined t hat the pr imary LES, LES 1, is o perat io nal by connec ting to i t and has as signed i t t o b e the activ e LES i n th e ELAN. The co nnect ion ha s reported 20 LE Cs a ttach ed.
LAN E m ulation Redundanc y 159 same sec ondary LES to r ep lace a f aile d activ e primar y LES and the topolog y d ata base s remain t he sa me. The spli t ELA N is a n ex cept ion; it i s discussed in t he nex t section.
16 0 C HAPTER 7: LAN E MUL ATION V ERSIONS 1. 0 AND 2.0 Y ou ve rify i f th e LE CS -ba sed L A NE redund a ncy mo de i s en able d t hrough the LMA ( see “ Di spla y LE Servi ce R edun da nc y” o n p age 263 in t he Ma nageme n t Gui de).
LA N E Sec u ri ty 161 If possi ble , the pr ima ry LE CS sh oul d n ot be c onf igured o n a sw itc h wi th prim ary LE Ss. Do n ot cl um p too ma ny prim ary LE Ss on a singl e swi tch. Distr ibute LESs ac r oss th e backbone The re is a n impor t ant pre- co ndit ion f or LANE re du ndanc y t o o per ate co rrect ly .
16 2 C HAPTER 7: LAN E MUL ATION V ERSIONS 1. 0 AND 2.0 Secu rity check — Y ou can ru n a secur ity c heck o n an ind ivid ual L EC to if i t is au t h o r iz ed f o r an EL AN .
LA N E Sec u ri ty 163 hav e the jo in priv ile ge, the L ES pr ev ents th e LEC fr om joi ning t he ELAN by sendin g it an ACCESS_DENIED r esponse cod e.
16 4 C HAPTER 7: LAN E MUL ATION V ERSIONS 1. 0 AND 2.0 LEC 3 a nd LEC 4 are rejected be caus e there is no mat ch in th e tabl e, and th e ELAN default join pri vileg e is REJECT .
LA N E Sec u ri ty 165 All se curi ty t ables ar e emp ty . Thus, if t he sw itch h as the fac to ry defaul t conf igur ation , all LE Cs ca n joi n al l ELANs.
16 6 C HAPTER 7: LAN E MUL ATION V ERSIONS 1. 0 AND 2.0 Res tor e Secu rity Co nf igur at ion This op eration restores t he se cu rity co nf igur ation f rom th e fla sh.
LANE Ve rs ion 2. 0 167 Mul ti Pr otocol ov er AT M ( M P O A ) The ma in obj ect ive of M POA is to provide a m e th od o f allow ing inter - subn et (o r int er -ELA N) comm uni cati on w ithou t r equ iring t hat eve ry pack et suffer t he l atenc y a nd del ay t hat ca n be indu ced b y a la yer th r ee r outer .
16 8 C HAPTER 7: LAN E MUL ATION V ERSIONS 1. 0 AND 2.0 Sel ectiv e M ulticas t Gr oup s LANE ver sion 2.0 has the abilit y to hav e multiple mult icast gr oups o n a part icul ar ELAN. In LANE 1.0 ther e is only a sing le BUS whic h is used fo r the t ransm issio n of all br o adcas t, u nknown and mult icas t tr aff ic .
LANE Ve rs ion 2. 0 169 traf fic for eac h ELAN, th e dir ec t data VC s en capsul ate each p acket with an LLC hea der that in clu des the ELAN ID for each pac ket. Th is fe atur e r equir es new frame en capsulati o n for mat to be used by LANE 2.0 that was no t u sed i n LA NE 1.
17 0 C HAPTER 7: LAN E MUL ATION V ERSIONS 1. 0 AND 2.0 Figur e 54 LANE LC C Multi pl exed D ata F r ame F ormat (LA NE 2.0 only) Bac kwar d Com patib ilit y an d Mixture of LECs of Both LA NE V ers ions 1. 0 and 2.0 LECs with LA NE version1 and L ANE versi on 2 can exist in the same ELAN.
MPOA Devi ce s Config ura tion 171 MP OA De v ices Con figuration The swit ch allows confi guratio n of MPOA entit ies: MPS and MPC. The conf igur ati on is general s o that al l M PSs and MPCs that req uest conf igur ati on re ceiv e the s ame parame ter s.
17 2 C HAPTER 7: LAN E MUL ATION V ERSIONS 1. 0 AND 2.0 MPOA Se rver Con fig urat ion Para met ers . S et Ke ep-A liv e Ti me Sets the MPS- p1 keep-al iv e time pa rameter . Co mmand Ac ti ons Co mmand Re s ult S et Ke ep -Alive Lifetime Sets the MPS- p2 keep-al iv e lif etime param ete r .
MPOA Devi ce s Config ura tion 173 Co mmand Ac ti ons Co mmand Re s ult S e t I n te rnet w o r k Laye r P ro t ocol s Sets the MPS- p3 pr o tocols p aramete r .
17 4 C HAPTER 7: LAN E MUL ATION V ERSIONS 1. 0 AND 2.0 Co mmand Ac ti ons Co mmand Re s ult Set Init ial Ret ry Ti me Sets th e MPS- p4 ini ti al r e try ti m e paramet er .
MPOA Devi ce s Config ura tion 175 Co mmand Ac ti ons Co mmand Re s ult Set Retry Time Maximum Sets the MPS- p5 r etry time ma ximum param eter . Co mmand Ac ti ons Co mmand Re s ult S et Give Up Ti me Sets th e MPS-p6 gi ve-up t ime par ameter .
17 6 C HAPTER 7: LAN E MUL ATION V ERSIONS 1. 0 AND 2.0 Co mmand Ac ti ons Co mmand Re s ult Set Defau lt Holdin g Ti me Sets the M PS-p 7 d efault holdi ng time param ete r .
MPOA Devi ce s Config ura tion 177 Co mmand Ac ti ons Co mmand Re s ult Display Current M PC Co nfi gura ti on Disp lay s all t he cu rr e nt s ett ings o f the MPC v ariab le s.
17 8 C HAPTER 7: LAN E MUL ATION V ERSIONS 1. 0 AND 2.0 MPOA Cl i ent Confi gu rati o n Para meter s . Set Shortcut Setu p Fra me Count Sets t he M PC- p1 s hor tcut -setup f r ame co unt pa ra met er .
MPOA Devi ce s Config ura tion 179 Co mmand Ac ti ons Co mmand Re s ult Set Shortcut Setup Fram e Ti me Sets the M PC- p2 s hortc ut-se tup f ram e tim e param eter .
18 0 C HAPTER 7: LAN E MUL ATION V ERSIONS 1. 0 AND 2.0 Co mmand Ac ti ons Co mmand Re s ult Set Flow D ete ctio n Pr o toc ol s Sets the M PC- p3 fl ow d etect ion p rotocols p ara met er .
MPOA Devi ce s Config ura tion 181 Co mmand Ac ti ons Co mmand Re s ult Set Init ial Ret ry Ti me Sets th e MPC-p4 ini tia l r et ry ti me pa rameter .
18 2 C HAPTER 7: LAN E MUL ATION V ERSIONS 1. 0 AND 2.0 Co mmand Ac ti ons Co mmand Re s ult Set Retry Time Maximum Sets the M PC- p5 retry time m a ximu m p aramet er . Co mmand Ac ti ons Co mmand Re s ult Set Hold D own Ti me Sets th e MPS-p6 hold d own ti me paramet er .
MPOA Devi ce s Config ura tion 183 Co mmand Ac ti ons Co mmand Re s ult En ter m enu seq uence: (2 ) LE M: LA N Em ul at io n ( 5) M PA : M PO A De vi ce s Co nfi gu ra ti on (2 ) MP C: MP OA C li en .
18 4 C HAPTER 7: LAN E MUL ATION V ERSIONS 1. 0 AND 2.0.
8 V IR TUA L N E TWORKS This ch apter discu sses vi rtual net wor ks a nd their impl eme nta tion in the Cor eBuild er ® 7000 family A TM switch. The foll o wing to pics ar e d i scussed : Vi rtual L.
18 6 C HAPTER 8: V IRTUAL N ETWORKS or rem o v ed fro m V i rt u al L A N s b y s of tw a re w ith out reg ard to th e ir l ocati on; th er e i s no need to chang e phys ical co nnecti ons . The or gani z ation o f the n e two rk int o VLA N s also reduc es con gestio n fro m broadca st fr ame tra nsm issions.
V LANs in the Cor eBu ilder 7 000 187 VLANs in the CoreBuilder 7 0 00 A VLAN i n t he C oreBuilde r 70 00 f amil y A TM sw itc h is def ine d simp ly a s an Emul ated LAN tog ether wit h a ll Ethernet s egment s and serv ers attac hed t o it. The Ethernet segments are r epr esented in th e ELAN b y LECs .
18 8 C HAPTER 8: V IRTUAL N ETWORKS Ethe r net, T oken Ring, FDDI a nd VL T (Virtual L AN T r unk) so that VLANs can in c lu d e th ese t yp e s o f LA N s. Through the Integr ated Fast Setup facilit y of the CoreBuilder 7000 f amily A TM swit ch, V LANs c an b e se t up “c hassi s-wide” .
V LANs in the Cor eBu ilder 7 000 189 VLANs in a CoreBuild er 7 600 Car d As an examp le, this sectio n discu sses how VL ANs ar e defin ed in the CoreBuil der 760 0 Fa st Ethe rn e t inte rface ca r d of th e CoreBui lder 700 0 fami ly A TM swit ch.
19 0 C HAPTER 8: V IRTUAL N ETWORKS . Figur e 56 VLAN Connectivity thr ough 7600 Cards 7600 Card 1 Switch Card 7600 Card 2 Bri dge 1 Bridge P or ts: 12 3 12 B r i d g e 2 LE Client 1 (ELAN 1) LE Cli e.
V LANs in the Cor eBu ilder 7 000 191 Figu re 57 sho ws a different w ay of v iewing th e relation bet ween E LAN and V LA N. The VLAN i s base d on the EL AN.
19 2 C HAPTER 8: V IRTUAL N ETWORKS Vi rtua l LA Ns fo r Thr ee Workgroups Figu re 58 sh ows a n etwor k d ivid ed int o t hree VLAN s : M arket ing, F ina nce, and A dmini strat ion.
9 D EVI CE M ANA GEME NT This c hapt er expl ains how to access the CoreB uild er ® 7 000 fam ily A TM swit ch for admin istr ati on and manage ment. Th e follo wing to pics ar e discussed in this ch.
19 4 C HAPTER 9: D EVICE M ANAG EMENT n Vie wing the even t log Co m m u nic a ti o n Me thod s Lo cal Ma nage m ent can ope rat e via a termi nal , wor kstat io n o r PC run ning a term ina l emu lation prog ram, and can use th e fol lowi ng co mm unica tio n r esources (see F igure 59 ): n RS- 232 serial link.
SNMP Agen t 195 SN M P A ge nt Si mple Net w or k Management Pr otoco l (SNMP) is a stan dar d manag em ent protoco l for m ul ti-ve ndo r IP n etw ork s. Ea ch CoreBuil der 7000 fam ily A TM swit ch has one SNMP agent th at moni tors obj ects on the switch and ma y r epo rt da ta to one o r more ne tw ork mana g eme nt systems.
19 6 C HAPTER 9: D EVICE M ANAG EMENT Ma nagi ng by SN MP Y ou ca n m ana ge t he Co reBui lder 7 000 fam ily A T M sw itc h vi a SNM P-base d ext er nal ne tw or k mana g eme nt a pplica tio ns runn in g on a workst ati on ( see F igur e 6 0 ).
Chassi s M anag ement — S ing le IP 197 Sec urity SNM P secur ity is currently provide d through co nfigu rab le c omm un ity strings, one f or Read a n d on e fo r Write.
19 8 C HAPTER 9: D EVICE M ANAG EMENT A single IP supports the chassis- wid e a ctivities: n SNMP via Si ngle IP n Mast er/Su bag ent ar c hitec tur e n I ntegrati ve di splay for c hassi s in T r anscend TE M 5.
Chassi s M anag ement — S ing le IP 199 100 elan93 02_0 159 1516 9702400 47 00 00 00 00 00 3c 00 00 a0 00 00 00 00 c0 da 60 24 56 00 16 resi de nt ELANs 101 elan93 02_1 159 1516 9702400 47 00 00 00 .
20 0 C HAPTER 9: D EVICE M ANAG EMENT In addi tio n, if yo u are w or king i n t he Si ngle -IP m ode , y ou can rese t the Cor eBuild er 7X00 car ds v ia the NCD Chassis private MIB in the ncdch assPh ysMod ul eT able tabl e Com pat ibility w ith P revi ou s V ers io ns The si ngle- IP fe ature of v ersi on 4.
Chassi s M anag ement — S ing le IP 201 RM O N H is t ory As an ot her e xamp le of c ha ssis m ana geme n t via singl e-IP , y ou can use t he Tr a n s c e n d TM LAN Sentry TM facili ty to r eque .
20 2 C HAPTER 9: D EVICE M ANAG EMENT n Short sampl ing T y pe s o f S t atist i cs Y ou can r eq ues t the fo ll owi ng ty pes of st ati stic s fo r a por t: n DropEv ents — T h e tota l num ber of e vent s in wh ic h p ackets we re droppe d. n Oct ets — The to ta l number o f octet s of d ata r ec eived on t he networ k i nterf ace.
Chassi s M anag ement — S ing le IP 203 n th e po r t of th e in sta l led ca rd w h o se s t at i s tic s y ou wa nt to vi ew — in this case one of the Fast Ether ne t ports of a n inst alled Cor.
20 4 C HAPTER 9: D EVICE M ANAG EMENT Figur e 62 RM on History of Bytes Se nt Eth e r net Enca psul ation T ype As me nti o ne d p r e v i o usl y , th e Et h er net port on th e fr ont pa n el o f th.
Servi ce Con sol e 205 Con figu r e the Co reBuild er 70 00 famil y A TM switc h t o ac cept the encap s ulation ty pe be ing se nt to it by the man ag ing d evi ce. T o pe r form this setup , use t he sy stem mana g ement setu p m enu (see “ Updat e Eth er net Enca p sula tion T ype” on page 8 3 in t he M a nagem ent Gu id e ).
20 6 C HAPTER 9: D EVICE M ANAG EMENT.
10 S WITCH R ED UNDA NCY Th i s c h ap ter co ver s th e fo llow i n g to pic s: Sw itch Redu ndan cy Ov ervie w System R equir em ents Summary of Im pr oved Swit ch Redun dancy Featu re s i n V ersion 4. 5 V ers ion 4.5 Feat ur es Up to V ersi on 4 .
20 8 C HAPTER 10: S WITCH R EDUNDANCY PVC r obu stness , i. e., PVC connec tions are n ot los t durin g the swit ch-over . Single cel ls ar e lost. A switch is r eady to re- estab li sh SVC con nec ti ons afte r no more th an 7 seconds. Ma nual da ta base co nfigu rati on is n ot r equ ired.
S ystem Requir ement s 209 Fo r prop er func tion in g of sw itch r edun dancy i n bo th ba se a nd en hanc ed mo des, bo th sw itc h eng ines must be H D (5 Gb ps) r unn ing t he same softwa re ver sio n 4. 50; Rev- C ca nn ot be th e red und a nt sw itch of a n HD .
21 0 C HAPTER 10: S WITCH R EDUNDANCY If one of t he 4- port mod ule s or th e 720 0 m odu les is i nsta lled in th e CoreB uild er 7 000 chassis, t hen th e Co reBu ilder 70 00H D swi tch wi ll onl y wor k w ith a maxi mu m c apaci ty of 2. 5 G bps. V er sio n 4.
Versi on 4. 5 Feat ure s 211 Pr otocol St ack A UDP/IP pr oto col sta ck is implemented as a simulat ed Ethernet network ove r the c ommunica tion ch annel descri be d above. The s mall si ze of the messages t ransmitted n e cessitates fragmen tation and r eassem bly .
21 2 C HAPTER 10: S WITCH R EDUNDANCY Switc h Re dun danc y Limita tions Hot r emo val of the act iv e switc hing m odule fr o m the ch assis i s not perm it ted. Switc h-o ver wil l not occ ur in such a case. The s witch car d may be remov ed on ly when it i s in redun da nt mo de .
Up to Ver si on 4.0 Feat ure s 213 S wi t c h- o ve r Ph as e s S w it ch -o ve r is ca rr i e d ou t in th re e ph a s es: Resett ing and upl oading the soft ware to t he 4-por t an d 8-po rt mo dules. Initia lizing 4- po rt a nd 8-por t modu les. Reset ting and init ializin g the 7X modules.
21 4 C HAPTER 10: S WITCH R EDUNDANCY Ma nual co nf igurat ion o f t he r edun dant sw itch p ara met ers li sted in t he tab le abo ve m ust be do ne on a Cor eBuild er 7 000 othe r th an th e a ctive one. On ly upo n c onf igur ation co mpl etion ca n the redu ndan t swi tch be utilize d in th e act ive Co reB ui lder 7 000.
Up to Ver si on 4.0 Feat ure s 215 Publ i shi ng t he Ne w MAC Addr ess A r edun dant swit ch that ha s bec ome activ e sends a r everse ARP (R ARP) to pub lish its M AC ad dress to th e netw ork d e vices.
21 6 C HAPTER 10: S WITCH R EDUNDANCY Switc h -ove r Exa mple in Co reBuild er 7 000 Assum e a CoreBuilde r 700 0 c onsi stin g of t wo sw it ching mo dule s as shown in Figure 63 .
A T ECHNI CA L S UPPO RT 3Co m p r ovi des e asy a c cess t o te chn ical supp ort inf or mat ion t hrough a vari ety of s ervic es. This appen dix de scrib es th ese serv ic es. Infor mation co ntai ned in this app endix i s corr e ct at ti me of publica ti on.
21 8 A PPENDIX A: T ECHNI CAL S UPPORT 3C om F TP S i t e Down load drivers, p atches, s oftware, and MIBs across the Inter n et fro m the 3 Com publ i c F T P si te .
Su pport fr om Your Netw ork Suppl ier 219 Ac ce ss by Dig ita l M o de m ISD N user s can dia l in to th e 3Com BB S using a di gital mo de m for fa st access up t o 6 4 K bp s.
22 0 A PPENDIX A: T ECHNI CAL S UPPORT When you co nt act 3Com f or assistance , have the fol low ing inf or mat ion r ead y: Pr o duct m odel n ame , par t num be r , a nd serial num ber A lis t of s.
R eturni ng Pr oducts for Re pair 221 Retu rni ng Products fo r R ep ai r Bef ore you send a p roduc t di r ec tly to 3 Com fo r repair , you m ust first obta in an a u thoriz ation n um ber . Produc ts sen t to 3Com w ith out aut horiza tion num ber s w ill b e r et urn e d to t he se nd er u nopen e d, at the sender ’ s ex pense.
22 2 A PPENDIX A: T ECHNI CAL S UPPORT.
B P RO T O C O L S AN D I N TERFACES This appe n dix p r ovi des yo u w it h basi c con cept s and in fo rmati on ab out i nt erf a ce s a n d ma n ag e me nt pr ot oco l s use d in th e A TM s y ste .
22 4 A PPENDIX B: P RO T O COL S AND I NTER FACES Cell Deli neatio n: This fu ncti on pe rmits t he id enti fic at io n of cel l bound arie s in the pay load. It uses the Header Er r or Co ntr ol ( HEC) fiel d i n the cell h eader . Path Sign al Identif ication : A n int egr ity c heck is p e rforme d o n t he end- to-en d signa l.
P hys ic al L aye r 225 Cell Sc ramblin g: P ro vides a so luti on to bi t patte r ns in th e A TM cell payloa d (mu ch like i n the SO NE T). Ce ll scram bli ng ca n be en abl ed or disabl ed.
22 6 A PPENDIX B: P RO T O COL S AND I NTER FACES A TM La yer A TM Ce ll St ru c t ure T he A T M ce ll is 4 8 b yt es of payloa d and 5 by tes of h ead er , info rmati on total ing 5 3 by tes. The hea der co ntains enoug h i nfor ma tio n to a llow t he networ k to forwar d eac h cell to its pr oper destin ati on.
ATM L ayer 227 The A TM cell header co nsi sts o f the foll owi ng fi elds : Th e A TM La y er A T M is based on a l ayer ed ar chit ectu r e. In th e pr oto col stac k, th e A TM laye r sits di rectly a bov e th e phy sica l lay er . Man y p hysic al laye rs can be specif ied, i nclud in g sev eral fo r 1 00 to 155 M bps.
22 8 A PPENDIX B: P RO T O COL S AND I NTER FACES This l ayer d oes no t r et ransm it lost or c orrup ted informa ti on. The A TM l ayer also pr o vid es th e ca pabil ity to in di cate th e los s pr iorit y of t he data carr ied in each ce ll (C LP).
Oper ation & M ain ten ance (OAM) 229 Operation & Ma i n t e na nc e (OAM) The Oper ati on and Mai ntenanc e (OAM) functi o ns asso ciated wit h the 155 Mbps UN I provid e fo r tran smission a nd re ce ptio n of m a intenan ce and lo w level link pe rfor manc e moni tori n g between A TM devi ces.
23 0 A PPENDIX B: P RO T O COL S AND I NTER FACES UNI while PT 101 is used t o identi fy the con necti on between user en d stations. End-to -en d O AM c ells a re passed by a ll inte rme diate n odes. T he n odes i n the pat h may monit or these c ells.
ATM Adapt ation L ayer (AAL) 231 A TM Ad ap tati on La yer ( AAL) A TM A da pta tion Laye rs (AAL s) d efi ne ho w to de al wi th th e con ten ts of cell s.
23 2 A PPENDIX B: P RO T O COL S AND I NTER FACES errors. It is p added to align to 48 byte s (see Fig ure 68 ). T o ind ica te f ram e bou ndari es an d d eterm ine w hen to reassemb le and w h en to.
ATM Adapt ation L ayer (AAL) 233 Figur e 67 Servi ce Class es a nd AAL T ypes Figur e 68 AAL5 Fr ame F ormat Figur e 69 Segmentatio n — Converting an A TM Frame to C ells.
23 4 A PPENDIX B: P RO T O COL S AND I NTER FACES.
C C OR E B UILDE R ® 70 00 F AM ILY AT M S WI TCH S P ECIFICATIONS Ph ysical Di mensi ons Height : 38.8 c m ( 15. 3 in) Width: 3.81 cm (1. 5 in) Depth: 32.
23 6 A PPENDIX C: C OR E B UILDER ® 7000 F AMILY ATM S WITCH S PECIFICATIONS Po wer S upply AC Li ne Fr equ ency 47 to 63 Hz Input Vol tage Opti ons 110/ 220 Vol t Auto sel ec tab le Curr ent Ra ting 5/2.
237 CoreBui l der Management an d Inte rfa ce LEDs Swi tch Modul e PWR - Power indi ca ti on (Green ) FAIL - Modul e fail indic ation ( Red) AC T - Ac ti vi ty, m odu le ac ti ve and r u nn i ng (Y e .
23 8 A PPENDIX C: C OR E B UILDER ® 7000 F AMILY ATM S WITCH S PECIFICATIONS.
D S AFETY I N FORMA TION This ap pendix contai ns saf ety in form ati on about t he CoreB uild er ® 7 000 fami ly A TM swit ch, including: Gu ide lines f or Av oiding Bod i ly Ha rm Gu ideline s for .
24 0 A PPENDIX D: S AFETY I NFORM ATION 3Co m recom me n ds tha t you do not look int o the La ser wh ile it is powere d o n, eith e r by t he n aked ey e or through a ny ma gn ifying devi ce.
Schä den am Gerä t 241 When ha nd ling r ep lace ment par ts, 3C om recom mend s th at y ou alway s use a wr is t strap co nnec ted t o a pr o per ground. Thi s h elp s prevent t he pa rt from bein g d ama ged b y el ectrostat ic disc harg e. Add itional ly , whe n n ot in use, the m odu le sh ould be st ored in a n anti stat ic bag .
24 2 A PPENDIX D: S AFETY I NFORM ATION.
G LOSSARY A ABR Ava i l ab l e B it Ra t e . A n A T M l a ye r se rv ic e ca te g o ry fo r whi c h th e lim i t in g A TM layer tr an sfer ch aracter ist ics p r ov ided by the netwo rk may change subseq uent to co nnec tion establ ishm e nt.
24 4 G LOSSARY AT M Asyn chron ous T ran sfer Mode . A tra nsfe r me thod use d for LA N a nd W AN. A TM c a rries voic e, video, a nd data a t spe eds up t o 2.2 Gbp s and can i nte grate geogr aph ica lly di sta nt di spar ate ne tw orks. A lso c a lled cell r elay .
G LOSSARY 245 C cal l An asso cia tion bet ween two or m ore users or betwee n a user and a networ k e ntity that i s established by the use of network capabilit ies.
24 6 G LOSSARY co nnect i o n- ori e n te d com munic ati on s A for m o f p ack et-sw itc hing t hat requires a predefine d cir cui t from source to destination to be estab lished befor e data can be transferred. cr ankb ack A mechanism u sed b y A TM net works when a connecti on set up r equest is bl ocked .
G LOSSARY 247 quali ty of se rvice c lass m akes use of exp licit f orw ar d con gestion in d i ca t io n. Eth ern et A CS MA /C D, 10 M bp s, l ocal area data n etwo rk, d eve lope d by Xerox Corpor atio n. I t is one o f the m ost po pular base band LANs in use.
24 8 G LOSSARY I E EE 80 2 . 3 IEEE s tandar d for Eth ernet lo cal ar ea n etwork s . I EEE 802 .1D IEEE s tanda rd for b ridg ing. IFC Com municati on s Inter fac e ca rd comm uni cati ons is the com m un ication s prot ocol bet ween the swi tc h card and the ins tal led inter fac e car ds.
G LOSSARY 249 LEC ID LAN Emulati on Client Ident ifi er: Thi s ident ifi er , contain ed in the LAN Emulati on h eader , in dicat es t he ID of th e A TM hos t or A TM-LAN br idge. I t is unique for every A TM Client. LE CS LA N Emul at ion Co nfig urat ion S er ver .
25 0 G LOSSARY L UNI L AN Emulati on User t o Network I nterf ace. The sta ndar diz ed int erfac e betwe en a LE cli ent an d a LE serv er (LE S, LECS and BU S). M M axC R Maximum Cell Rate . This is the maximum capacity usable by co nnect ions belo nging t o the spec ifie d ser vice c ate go ry .
G LOSSARY 251 Op eration and Maint ena nc e ce ll (OA M) A c ell t hat con tains A T M LM infor mat ion. It do e s not for m p a rt of t he up per lay er in format io n tran sfer . ou t-of - band T r ansmission o f auxiliary informa tion e.g ., m anageme nt m essages, ov er a med ium othe r than th at us ed by th e syst em users .
25 2 G LOSSARY QoS (Quality o f Se rvi ce) Qual ity of se rvice is de fin ed o n an e n d-to- end basi s in terms of the followi ng attr ibutes of the en d-e nd-to -end A TM co nnect ion: Ce ll Loss R ation , Cel l T ran s fer D elay and C ell D elay Va r i a t i o n .
G LOSSARY 253 summa r y addr e s s An ad dress prefix tha t t ells a no de h ow t o su mmar ize reacha bility in fo rm ati on . Sup erStack II S witch 2 700 3Com Eth ernet-t o-A TM swit ch us ed to conne ct Eth ernet networ k devic es to e ach o ther a nd to a n A TM bac k bon e.
25 4 G LOSSARY exper ien ced by a UBR con ne cti on, or as t o t he cell transf er d elay exper ien ced by c el ls on t he c onn ectio n. UNI User -Network In terfac e.
I NDEX 255 I NDEX Numbers 3Com bull et in boar d ser vice (3Co m BBS) 21 8 3Com Kno wled geba se W eb Se rvic es 217 3Com T ranscen d M anage r 196 3Com URL 217 3ComF acts 219 A AAL, se e A TM Adaptat.
25 6 I NDEX esta blis hin g at UNI 38 A T M e d ge d e vi ce LE C in 1 39 A TM Inte rface Manage me nt Enti t y , see I ME AT M l a y e r AT M c e l l s 2 2 8 funct i ons 228 in pr o toc ol stack 227 .
I NDEX 257 databa se s ync hr on izati on 79 defaul t EL A N jo in p ri vi le ge 162 ELAN par amet ers 146 vir tua l LA N 188 Desig nat ed T rans it Li st (D TL) 86 docum entati on co mmen ts 18 rel a.
25 8 I NDEX ne twork 35 Int er im L o cal M anag em en t Inte r fa ce, s e e ILM I IP add r es s 214 J ji tter 6 8 K Körper l iche Sc häde n 240 L L A N emu l ati o n ad dres s r e sol ut ion 146 ad.
I NDEX 259 M MAC addr ess 214, 216 pub lishi ng new 215 MA C d r iv er in te r fa ces in A T M st a tio ns 1 37 mana gement co nnector s 237 overv ie w 19 3 Manag ement Inf orm ation B ase , s ee MIB .
26 0 I NDEX prio rity out put queue s 136 Pri vat e Net work to Ne twor k I nte rf ace , see P NNI pr otoc ol flus h 143 stac k 211 stan dar d a ddr e ssing 1 48 PTS E, see P NNI T opology Sta te E leme nt (PTS E) pub lic UNI DS -3 ph ys ic al la ye r inte rf a ce 22 4 PVC 10 0 ABR CBR co nnec tions 2 08 nrt- VBR 124 rt -VB R UBR Q Q.
I NDEX 261 SE TUP sign al ing messa ge 106 sh ar ed LES 156 signa li ng 10 4 AAL 11 4 mess age s 105 pro toc ol 1 05 QoS p ara m ete rs 12 1 SS COP mess age s et 114 timer s 111 UNI versi on 49 signa .
26 2 I NDEX pa ths 143 unk nown fram es 152 Unspec if ied Bi t Ra te (UBR) 125 URL 2 17 User Ne twork I nte rface , s ee UNI V V a r ia bl e Bit Ra te s erv ic e ca teg ory 1 17 VBR , see V ariab le B.
3Com C orpor at ion L IMITED W AR RANTY The du ration of t he warr anty f or the Co reBuild er 7000/ 7000HD C hassis and Swit ch E ngine is: Enhanced O ne- year Limit ed -— return to factory fo r free repair. One y ear wa rrant y with 90 d ays of Advance Har dwa re Replacem ent service, subject to availab ility.
(DOA) and a replacement shall be provided by advance replacement. The replacement product will normally be shipped not later than three (3) business days after 3Com’s verification of the DOA produc t, but may be delayed due to export or i mport procedures.
Ein wichtiger Punkt beim Kauf des Geräts 3Com CoreBuilder 7000 (oder sogar vor seinem Kauf) ist das durchlesen seiner Bedienungsanleitung. Dies sollten wir wegen ein paar einfacher Gründe machen:
Wenn Sie 3Com CoreBuilder 7000 noch nicht gekauft haben, ist jetzt ein guter Moment, um sich mit den grundliegenden Daten des Produkts bekannt zu machen. Schauen Sie zuerst die ersten Seiten der Anleitung durch, die Sie oben finden. Dort finden Sie die wichtigsten technischen Daten für 3Com CoreBuilder 7000 - auf diese Weise prüfen Sie, ob das Gerät Ihren Wünschen entspricht. Wenn Sie tiefer in die Benutzeranleitung von 3Com CoreBuilder 7000 reinschauen, lernen Sie alle zugänglichen Produktfunktionen kennen, sowie erhalten Informationen über die Nutzung. Die Informationen, die Sie über 3Com CoreBuilder 7000 erhalten, werden Ihnen bestimmt bei der Kaufentscheidung helfen.
Wenn Sie aber schon 3Com CoreBuilder 7000 besitzen, und noch keine Gelegenheit dazu hatten, die Bedienungsanleitung zu lesen, sollten Sie es aufgrund der oben beschriebenen Gründe machen. Sie erfahren dann, ob Sie die zugänglichen Funktionen richtig genutzt haben, aber auch, ob Sie keine Fehler begangen haben, die den Nutzungszeitraum von 3Com CoreBuilder 7000 verkürzen könnten.
Jedoch ist die eine der wichtigsten Rollen, die eine Bedienungsanleitung für den Nutzer spielt, die Hilfe bei der Lösung von Problemen mit 3Com CoreBuilder 7000. Sie finden dort fast immer Troubleshooting, also die am häufigsten auftauchenden Störungen und Mängel bei 3Com CoreBuilder 7000 gemeinsam mit Hinweisen bezüglich der Arten ihrer Lösung. Sogar wenn es Ihnen nicht gelingen sollte das Problem alleine zu bewältigen, die Anleitung zeigt Ihnen die weitere Vorgehensweise – den Kontakt zur Kundenberatung oder dem naheliegenden Service.
