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® LAN PLEX 6000 E XTENDED S WITCHING U SER G UIDE Part No. 801-00257-000 Published December 1995 Revision 01.
3Com Corporation ■ 5400 Bayfront Plaza ■ Santa Clara, California ■ 95052-8154 © 3Com Corporation, 1995. All rights reser ved. No par t of this documentation may be reproduced in an y form or by any means or used to make any derivative w ork (such as translation, transformation, or adaptation) without permission from 3Com Corporation.
C ONTENTS A BOUT T HIS G UIDE Introduction 1 How to Use This Guide 1 Conv entions 2 LANplex 6000 Documentation 3 Documentation Comments 4 P ART IG ETTING S TARTED 1 LAN PLEX E XTENDED S WITCHING F EAT.
P ART II A BOUT R OUTING P ROTOCOLS 3 R OUTING AND THE LAN PLEX S YSTEM What is Routing? 3-1 LANplex in a Subnetted Environment 3-2 Integrating Bridging and Routing 3-3 Bridging/Routing Models 3-4 T r.
Ser vice Advertising Protocol (SAP) 5-10 Internetwork Service Information 5-10 SAP P ack et Structure 5-11 Ser ver Information T able 5-13 Ser ver Information Maintenance 5-14 6 R OUTING WITH A PPLE T.
Removing an ARP Cache Entr y 7-10 Flushing the ARP Cache 7-10 Administering UDP Helper 7-11 Displaying UDP Helper Information 7-11 Defining a Port and IP Forwarding Address 7-12 Removing a Port and I.
9 A DMINISTERING A PPLE T ALK R OUTING Administering Interfaces 9-2 Displaying AppleT alk Inter faces 9-3 Defining an Inter face 9-3 Removing an Inter face 9-4 Administering Routes 9-4 Displaying the.
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A BOUT T HIS G UIDE Introduction The LANplex 6000 Extended Switching User Guide provides inf ormation about the features included with the LANplex Extended Switching software.
2 A BOUT T HIS G UIDE C onv entions T able 1 and T able 2 list conventions that are used thr oughout this guide. T able 1 Notice Icons Icon Type Description Information Note Information notes call attention to important features or instructions. Caution Cautions alert you to personal safety risk, system damage, or loss of data.
LANplex 6000 Documentation 3 LANplex 6000 Documentation The following documents comprise the LANplex 6000 documentation set. If you want to order a document that y ou do not have or order additional documents, contact your sales representative f or assistance.
4 A BOUT T HIS G UIDE ■ LANplex 6000 Administration C onsole User Guide Pro vides information about using the Administration Console to configur e and manage your LANplex system.
I Chapter 1 LANplex Extended Switching Features Chapter 2 Installing Extended Switching Sof tware G ETTING S TARTED.
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1 LAN PLEX E XTENDED S WITCHING F EATURES This chapter provides an o ver view of the Ex tended Switching software, and describes the new enhanced Administration Console menus . About LANplex Extended Switching The LANplex Extended Switching soft ware replaces y our existing LANplex software and adds new functionalit y to your system.
1-2 C HAPTER 1: LAN PLEX E XTENDED S WITCHING F EATURES Using Menus to P er form T asks When you gain access to the Administration C onsole, the top-level menu appears.
Using Menus to Perform Tasks 1-3 IP Menu From the ip menu , you can view information about and configure Internet Protocol (IP) interfaces and routes. Y ou can also administer the Addr ess Resolution Pr otocol (ARP), the Routing Information Protocol (RIP), UDP Helper , IP Forwarding, and ping IP stations.
1-4 C HAPTER 1: LAN PLEX E XTENDED S WITCHING F EATURES IPX Menu From the ipx menu , you can view information about and configure Internet P ack et Exchange (IPX) interfaces, routes, and ser vers. Y ou can also administer the Routing Information P rotocol (RIP), Enhanced RIP mode, Ser vice Advertising Protocol (SAP), and statistics.
Using Menus to Perform Tasks 1-5 AppleT alk Menu From the appletalk menu , you can view information about and configure Appletalk inter faces, routes, and zones. Y ou can also administer the Appletalk Address Resolution P rotocol (AARP), Appletalk for warding, and statistics.
1-6 C HAPTER 1: LAN PLEX E XTENDED S WITCHING F EATURES.
2 I NSTALLING E XTENDED S WITCHING S OFTWARE This chapter explains how to install Extended Switching soft ware onto your system. Refer to the LANplex 6000 Release Notes for the latest system soft ware installation information. About Installing Software When you upgrade to the Extended Switching Software, all configuration information is preserved.
2-2 C HAPTER 2: I NSTALLING E XTENDED S WITCHING S OFTWARE Cop ying to UNIX The LANplex software for a UNIX-based hard disk is distributed on f our floppy diskettes. Diskettes #1, #2, and #3 contain the LANplex sof tware. Diskette #4 contains the SNMP MIBs.
Copying Software to a Hard Disk 2-3 6 Use the supplied script to decompress and restore the split file ( lp6000R00, lp6000R01, and lp6000R02 ). # ./restore_lpxR See the README1 file for size and checksum information. Cop ying to DOS The LANplex software for a DOS-based hard disk is distributed on two floppy diskettes.
2-4 C HAPTER 2: I NSTALLING E XTENDED S WITCHING S OFTWARE Loading Software Before loading the system software on the LMM+, you must verify that the host machine, which has a copy of the updated syste.
Loading Software 2-5 See the following screen for an example of the software installation prompts. Host IP address [192.9.200.14]: 192.9.200.96 Install file path name [/usr/ lp6000R/lp6000R ]: User name: ronnyk Password: After the software is loaded, you are notified that installation has been completed: Installation complete.
2-6 C HAPTER 2: I NSTALLING E XTENDED S WITCHING S OFTWARE.
II Chapter 3 Routing and the LANplex System Chapter 4 Routing with IP Chapter 5 Routing with IPX Chapter 6 Routing with AppleT alk A BOUT R OUTING P ROTOCOLS.
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3 R OUTING AND THE LAN PLEX S YSTEM This chapter shows how the LANplex system operates in a subnetted routing envir onment and describes the LANplex routing methodology — specifically , how the LANplex bridging and routing model compares with traditional models.
3-2 C HAPTER 3: R OUTING AND THE LAN PLEX S YSTEM Figur e 3-1 Traditional Architecture of a Routed Netw ork LANplex in a Subnetted Envir onment The LANplex system allows you to fit E thernet switching capabilit y into highly subnetted environments .
What is Routing? 3-3 Integrating Bridging and Routing The LANplex system has bridging and routing integrated into the Ethernet/FDDI Switching Module (EFSM) and the Ethernet Switching Module (ESM). T he T oken Ring Switching Module ( TRSM) suppor ts bridging only .
3-4 C HAPTER 3: R OUTING AND THE LAN PLEX S YSTEM Ethernet ports to expand your existing subnets. This is in contrast to more traditional forms of bridging and r outing where, at most, one por t is connected to any subnet.
Bridging/Routing Models 3-5 Figur e 3-4 Bridging in the T raditional Bridging/Routing Model In the traditional bridging/routing model, a pack et is rout ed as follows (see F igure 3-5): 1 The packet enters the bridge/router .
3-6 C HAPTER 3: R OUTING AND THE LAN PLEX S YSTEM LANplex Bridging/Routing Model The LANplex 6000 determines whether a packet should be bridged or routed using the destination MAC address .
Bridging/Routing Models 3-7 In the LANplex bridging/routing model, a pack et is rou ted as follows (see F igure 3-7): 1 The packet enters the module. 2 The packet ’ s destination address is examined by the bridging layer .
3-8 C HAPTER 3: R OUTING AND THE LAN PLEX S YSTEM.
4 R OUTING WITH IP This chapter gives an ov er view of IP routing, specifically defining: ■ What IP routing inv olves ■ What elements are necessary for IP routers to effectively transmit packets.
4-2 C HAPTER 4: R OUTING WITH IP When an IP router sends a packet over multiple physical networks , it does not know the complete path to a destination — only the nex t hop. Each hop involv es the following: ■ The IP routing algorithm computes the nex t hop IP address (the next router inter face) using the routing table entries.
The Elements of IP Routing 4-3 Addr ess Classes The boundary of the net work part and the host par t depends on the class of network you are assigned by the central agency . The primar y classes of IP addresses are Class A, Class B, and Class C. ■ Class A addresses — have seven bits f or the net work part and 24 bits for the host part.
4-4 C HAPTER 4: R OUTING WITH IP Figur e 4-3 How a Subnet Mask is Applied to the IP A ddress An example of an IP address that includes the network, subnet, and host par ts is 158.101.230.52 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 . This address is divided as follows: ■ 158.
The Elements of IP Routing 4-5 Figur e 4-4 Router Interfaces Routing T able A routing table allows a router or host to determine how to send a packet toward the packet ’ s ultimate destination. The routing table contains an entr y for every destination network, subnet, or host to which the router or host is capable of forwarding packets.
4-6 C HAPTER 4: R OUTING WITH IP Figur e 4-5 Example of a Routing T able Routing table information is generated and updated in the following ways: ■ Statically — Y ou manually enter routes, which do not change until you change them (that is, they will not time out).
The Elements of IP Routing 4-7 An active router sends a RIP message ever y 30 seconds. This message contains both the IP address and a metric (the distance to the destination from that router) for each destination. In RIP , each router that a packet must travel through to reach a destination equals one hop.
4-8 C HAPTER 4: R OUTING WITH IP source addresses for both the har dware (MAC addresses) and the protocol (IP addresses). See Figure 4-7. Figur e 4-7 Example of an ARP Request P acket When the devices on the network receive this packet, they examine it, and if their address is not the target protocol addr ess, they discard the packet.
IP Routing Transmission Errors 4-9 IP Routing T ransmission Errors Because each router only knows about the nex t hop , it is not aware of problems that may be further “ down the road” toward the destination.
4-10 C HAPTER 4: R OUTING WITH IP IP Routing Referenc es Comer , Douglas E. Internetworking with TCP/IP V olume I: Principles, Protocols , and Architecture . Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey : Prentice Hall, Inc., 1991. P erlman, R adia. Interconnections: Bridges and Routers .
This chapter provides an o ver view of IPX routing, specifically defining: ■ What par t IPX plays in the NetW are envir onment ■ How IPX works ■ What elements are necessary for IPX routers to .
5-2 C HAPTER 5: R OUTING WITH IPX Figur e 5-1 NetW are Prot ocols and the OSI Reference Model The LANplex system uses the following protocols f or routing in a Netware environment: ■ Internet P ack .
IPX Routing in the NetWare Environment 5-3 Routing Information Protoc ol (RIP) RIP allows the exchange of routing inf ormation on a NetWare network. IPX routers use RIP to dynamically create and maintain their routing tables . RIP allows a router to exchange r outing information with a neighboring router .
5-4 C HAPTER 5: R OUTING WITH IPX How IPX Routing Wo r k s A router operates at the network layer of the OSI Ref erence Model. This means that it receives its instructions to route packets from one segment to another from a network layer pr otocol. IPX, with the help of RIP and SAP , per forms these network lay er tasks.
How IPX Routing Works 5-5 The packet format consists of the following elements: ■ Checksum — The IPX packet begins with a 16-bit checksum field that is set to ones. ■ Packet L ength — This 16-bit field contains the length, in bytes, of the complete network packet.
5-6 C HAPTER 5: R OUTING WITH IPX IPX Pack et Delivery On a NetW are network, the successful deliver y of a packet depends on the proper addressing of the packet and the internetwork configuration. Packet addressing is handled in its Media Access Contr ol (MAC) protocol header and IPX header address fields.
How IPX Routing Works 5-7 segment responds to the RIP request. The router ’ s response includes its network and node address in the IPX header . If the sending node is a router rather than a workstation, the router can get this information fr om its internal routing tables and need not send a RIP request.
5-8 C HAPTER 5: R OUTING WITH IPX The Elemen ts of IPX Routing IPX routers use the following elements to transmit packets ov er an intranetwork: ■ Router inter faces ■ Routing tables ■ SAP Router Inter faces A router interface is the connection bet ween the router and the network number (address).
The Elements of IPX Routing 5-9 ■ Hops to Network — Pro vides the number of routers that must be crossed to reach the network segment. ■ Ticks to Network — Pr ovides an estimate of the time necessar y to reach the destination segment. ■ Node — The node address of the r outer that can for ward packets to each segment.
5-10 C HAPTER 5: R OUTING WITH IPX LANplex system uses RIP (one of the most widely used IGPs), to dynamically build its routing tables. RIP operates in terms of active and passive devices.
The Elements of IPX Routing 5-11 W orkstations cannot initiate a session with a file ser ver without first knowing the ser ver’ s address. SAP Pack et Structure SAP uses IPX and the medium-access protocols for its transport.
5-12 C HAPTER 5: R OUTING WITH IPX 4=Get Nearest Ser ver Response ■ Ser ver Entry — Each ser ver entr y includes information regarding a par ticular ser ver and consists of the following fields: ■ Ser vice T ype — T his field identifies the t ype of ser vice the ser ver provides.
The Elements of IPX Routing 5-13 Ser ver Inf ormation T able A ser ver information table holds inf ormation about all the ser vers on the internetwork. I t is this table that SAP agents use to store information received in SAP broadcasts . Figure 5-6 shows an example of a typical ser ver information table.
5-14 C HAPTER 5: R OUTING WITH IPX automatically change in response to network topology changes, you should only manually configure a small number of servers.
The Elements of IPX Routing 5-15 SAP Request Handling . When a SAP agent receives a general request , a SAP response packet containing information about all servers of any type known to the SAP agent is sent to the sending source. T his response includes the same information sent out in a periodic broadcast.
5-16 C HAPTER 5: R OUTING WITH IPX.
This chapter provides an o ver view of AppleT alk routing , and specifically defines these topics: ■ Appletalk Network Elements ■ AppleT alk Protocols ■ About AARP About AppleT alk AppleT alk is a protocol suite defined by Apple Computer , Inc.
6-2 C HAPTER 6: R OUTING WITH A PPLE T ALK AppleT alk Networks A network in an AppleT alk internet is a cable segment attached to a router . Each network is identified by a network number or range of network numbers. The network administrator assigns these numbers from a range of valid network numbers.
AppleTalk Network Elements 6-3 AppleT alk Zones An AppleT alk zone is a logical collection of nodes on an AppleT alk internet. A zone can include all nodes in a single network or a collection of nodes in different networks. Y ou assign a unique name to each zone to identify it in the internet.
6-4 C HAPTER 6: R OUTING WITH A PPLE T ALK Y ou will gain access to the printer more quick ly within the zone because the zone includes fewer devices than the entir e internet. Seed Routers A seed router initializes the internet with AppleT alk configuration information including network numbers and zone names.
AppleTalk Protocols 6-5 Figur e 6-2 AppleT alk Protocols and the OSI Refer ence Model The AppleT alk six-layer protocol suite is not fully compliant with the OSI seven-layer r eference model. However , AppleT alk provides many of the functions and ser vices provided by OSI.
6-6 C HAPTER 6: R OUTING WITH A PPLE T ALK The AppleT alk Address Resolution P rotocol (AARP), which translates hardware addresses to AppleT alk addresses, also exists at the datalink layer because it is closely related to the Ethernet and token ring LAPs .
AppleTalk Protocols 6-7 Each router builds a routing table that is the basis of dynamic routing operations in an AppleT alk internet. Every ten seconds, each router sends an RTMP data packet to the network. Routers use the information that they receive in the RTMP broadcasts t o build their routing tables.
6-8 C HAPTER 6: R OUTING WITH A PPLE T ALK Figur e 6-3 A Simple AppleT alk Network Y ou can view the AppleT alk routing tables in y our network through the Administration Console . The AppleT alk Echo Protocol (AEP). AppleT alk nodes use the AEP to send datagrams to other nodes in the network.
AppleTalk Protocols 6-9 The AppleT alk T ransaction Protocol (A TP). A TP , along with the AppleT alk Data Stream Pr otocol (ADSP), ensures that DDP packets are delivered to a destination without any losses or corruption. The Name Binding Protoc ol (NBP).
6-10 C HAPTER 6: R OUTING WITH A PPLE T ALK The AppleT alk Data Stream Protocol (ADSP). The ADSP works with the A TP to ensure reliable data transmission. Unlike A TP , however , ADSP provides full-duplex byte-stream delivery . This means that two nodes can communicate simultaneously .
About AARP 6-11 If an address is not in this table, AARP sends a request to the protocol address and adds the hardware addr ess to the table when the destination node replies. Y ou can view this table, called the AARP Cache, through the Administration Console .
6-12 C HAPTER 6: R OUTING WITH A PPLE T ALK.
III Chapter 7 Administering IP Routing Chapter 8 Administering IPX Routing Chapter 9 Administering AppleT alk Routing A DMINISTERING R OUTING P ROTOCOLS.
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7 A DMINISTERING IP R OUTING This chapter describes how to set up your LANplex system to r oute pack ets using IP . F or more information about how IP works , see Part II of this Guide.
7-2 C HAPTER 7: A DMINISTERING IP R OUTING packets to or from the switching module itself . Second, the IP address defines the network and subnet numbers of the segments connected to that inter face. Pack ets to be for warded by the switching module c ontain the IP addresses of the original source and the ultimate destination.
Administering Interfaces 7-3 Displaying Inter faces Y ou can display a table that shows all IP inter faces configured for each switching module in the system, including their parameter settings.
7-4 C HAPTER 7: A DMINISTERING IP R OUTING 6 Enter the cost value of the interface. 7 Enter the por t(s) that you want to include in the interface. Separate nonconsecutive ports with commas (,). Enter a consecutive series of por ts using a dash (-). See the example below : Select slot {3-4} [3-4]: 3 Enter IP address: 158.
Administering Routes 7-5 Removing an Inter face Y ou may want to remove an interface if you no longer route on the por ts associated with the inter face.
7-6 C HAPTER 7: A DMINISTERING IP R OUTING ■ Status The status of the route pro vides the information described in T able 7-1. In addition to the routes to specific destinations , the routing table may contain an additional entr y called the default route.
Administering Routes 7-7 Defining a S tatic Route Prior to defining static routes on a giv en switching module, you must define at least one IP inter face. Static routes remain in the table until you remove them, or until you remove the corr esponding inter face.
7-8 C HAPTER 7: A DMINISTERING IP R OUTING Removing a Route T o remove a route: 1 F rom the top level of the Administration Console , enter : ip route remove 2 Enter the slot of the switching module for which you want to remo ve a static route. 3 Enter the destination IP address of the route.
Administering the ARP Cache 7-9 Removing the Default Route If a switching module’ s routing table does not contain a default route — either statically configured or learned using RIP — then it cannot forward a packet that does not match any other routing table entr y .
7-10 C HAPTER 7: A DMINISTERING IP R OUTING The contents of the ARP cache are display ed as shown in the example below . Slot 3- IP forwarding is enabled, IP Address MAC Address Interface 158.
Administering UDP Helper 7-11 Administ ering UDP Helper UDP Helper allows you to send User Datagram P rotocol (UDP) packets between routed networks. UDP Helper provides suppor t for UDP services such as BOO TP or DHCP (D ynamic Host Configuration Prot ocol), that rely on the BOO TP relay agent.
7-12 C HAPTER 7: A DMINISTERING IP R OUTING Defining a Port and IP F or warding Addr ess Y ou can define por t numbers and IP for warding addresses f or the UDP Helper . Y ou can have up to 32 combinations of por t numbers/IP forwarding addresses per router .
Enabling/ Disabling IP Forwarding 7-13 Setting the Hop Co unt Limit Y ou can set the maximum hop count that a packet is for warded through the router .
7-14 C HAPTER 7: A DMINISTERING IP R OUTING T o enable or disable IP for warding: 1 F rom the top level of the Administration Console , enter : ip forwarding 2 Enter the slot(s) of the switching module(s) for which you want to enable IP forwarding. Separate non-consecutive slots with commas (,).
Pinging an IP Station 7-15 See the example below : Select slot(s) (3-4|all) [3-4]: all Slot 3 - Select RIP mode (off,passive,active) [passive]: active Slot 4 - Select RIP mode (off,passive,active) [pa.
7-16 C HAPTER 7: A DMINISTERING IP R OUTING Displaying IP Statistics The IP statistics you can view are described in T able 7-2. T o display IP statistics: 1 F rom the Administration Console top-level menu , enter : ip statistics 2 Enter the slot(s) of the switching module(s) for which you want to view IP routing statistics.
8 A DMINISTERING IPX R OUTING This chapter describes how to set up your LANplex system to use the Internet P ack et Exchange (IPX) protocol to r oute pack ets.
8-2 C HAPTER 8: A DMINISTERING IPX R OUTING Administ ering Inter faces Y ou define inter faces to establish the relationship between the por ts on your EFSMs and the network in your IPX network. Y ou must define one inter face for each group of ports that are connected to the same network.
Administering Interfaces 8-3 Displaying IPX Inter faces Y ou can display a table that shows all IPX inter faces and their parameter settings configured for each EFSM in the system.
8-4 C HAPTER 8: A DMINISTERING IPX R OUTING 6 Enter the por t(s) that you want to include in the interface. Separate non-consecutive ports with commas (,). Enter a consecutive series of por ts using a dash (-). See the example below : Modifying an Inter face Y ou may want to change the configuration of an inter face you have already defined .
Administering Routes 8-5 Administ ering Routes Each EFSM maintains a table of routes to other IPX networks. Y ou can either use the Routing Information P rotocol (RIP) to exchange routing information automatically or make static entries in this table using the Administration Console .
8-6 C HAPTER 8: A DMINISTERING IPX R OUTING Displaying the Routing T able Y ou can display the routing tables for the EFSMs in a system to determine which routes are configured and if they ar e operational.
Administering Routes 8-7 6 Enter the node address of the route. A static route is defined in the following example: Removing a Route T o remove a route: 1 F rom the Administration Console top-level menu , enter : ipx route remove 2 Enter the slot of the EFSM for which you want to remo ve any static or dynamic route.
8-8 C HAPTER 8: A DMINISTERING IPX R OUTING Administ ering Ser vers Each EFSM maintains a table of ser vers on other IPX networks. Y ou can either use the Ser vice Advertising Protocol (SAP) to exchange server information automatically or make static entries in this table using the Administration Console .
Administering Servers 8-9 In the following example , ser vers k nown to an EFSM in slot 3 are displayed . The configuration of IPX forwarding, RIP , and SAP is indicated in the display .
8-10 C HAPTER 8: A DMINISTERING IPX R OUTING Removing a Server T o remove a server : 1 F rom the Administration Console top-level menu , enter : ipx server remove 2 Enter the slot of the EFSM for which you want to remo ve any static or dynamic ser ver .
Setting IPX Forwarding 8-11 Setting IPX F or warding Y ou can control whether an EFSM for wards or discards IPX packets addressed to other routers. When you enable IPX for warding , the EFSM ac ts as a normal IPX router , for warding IPX packets from one network to another when required .
8-12 C HAPTER 8: A DMINISTERING IPX R OUTING RIP default mode By default, RIP is off. T o set the RIP operating mode: 1 F rom the Administration Console top-level menu , enter : ipx rip 2 Enter the slot(s) of the EFSM(s) for which you want to set the RIP mode .
Setting the SAP Mode 8-13 Setting the SAP Mode Y ou can selec t a SAP mode that is appropriate for y our network. SAP can operate in any of three modes: ■ Off — The EFSM ignores all incoming SAP packets and does not generate any SAP packets of its own.
8-14 C HAPTER 8: A DMINISTERING IPX R OUTING Displaying Statistics The Administration C onsole allows you to display four types of IPX-related statistics: ■ IPX Summar y statistics ■ IPX RIP stati.
Displaying Statistics 8-15 Displaying IPX RIP Statistics T o display IPX RIP statistics: 1 F rom the Administration Console top-level menu , enter : ipx statistics rip 2 Enter the slot(s) of the EFSM(s) for which you want to view IPX RIP statistics. Separate non-consecutive slots with commas (,).
8-16 C HAPTER 8: A DMINISTERING IPX R OUTING Displaying IPX SAP Statistics T o display IPX SAP statistics 1 F rom the Administration Console top-level menu , enter : ipx statistics sap 2 Enter the slot(s) of the EFSM(s) for which you want to view IPX SAP statistics.
Displaying Statistics 8-17 Displaying IPX F or warding Statistics T o display IPX Forwarding statistics: 1 F rom the Administration Console top-level menu , enter : ipx statistics forwarding 2 Enter the slot(s) of the EFSM(s) for which you want to view IPX f or warding statistics.
8-18 C HAPTER 8: A DMINISTERING IPX R OUTING T able 8-4 IPX Forwarding Statistics Field Description Received Number of IPX Forwarding packets received Transmitted Number of IPX Forwarding packets tran.
9 A DMINISTERING A PPLE T ALK R OUTING This chapter describes how to set up your LANplex system to use the AppleT alk protocol to route packets. F or more information on how AppleT alk routing works, see Part II of this Guide.
9-2 C HAPTER 9: A DMINISTERING A PPLE T ALK R OUTING Administ ering Inter faces Y ou define inter faces to establish the relationship between the por ts on your EFSMs and the subnets in your network. Y ou must define one inter face for each group of ports that are connected to the same subnet.
Administering Interfaces 9-3 unassigned por ts. However , AppleT alk packets will not be for warded to por ts that are not assigned to an AppleT alk inter face. Displaying AppleT alk Inter faces Y ou can display a table that shows all AppleT alk inter faces and their parameter settings configured for each EFSM in the system.
9-4 C HAPTER 9: A DMINISTERING A PPLE T ALK R OUTING 5 Enter the end of the network range associated with the inter face. 6 Enter the default zone name. The default zone name is used by clients that have not been c onfigured to use a particular zone.
Administering Routes 9-5 ■ Distance The distance in hops to the destination network ■ Inter face The defined inter face number ■ State The status (good , suspec t, bad , or really bad) of each .
9-6 C HAPTER 9: A DMINISTERING A PPLE T ALK R OUTING Flushing all Routes Flushing deletes all dynamically learned r outes from the routing table. T o flush all learned routes: 1 At the Administration C onsole’ s top-level menu, enter : appletalk route flush 2 Enter the slot(s) of the EFSM(S) for which you want to flush all learned routes.
Administering the AARP Cache 9-7 Displaying the AARP Cache Y ou can display the AARP cache for the EFSMs in a system to determine which routes are configured and if they ar e operational.
9-8 C HAPTER 9: A DMINISTERING A PPLE T ALK R OUTING Removing an Entry in the Cache T o remove an AARP cache entr y : 1 At the Administration C onsole’ s top-level menu, enter : appletalk aarp remove 2 Enter the slot(s) of the EFSM(s) for which you want to remo ve the AARP cache entr y .
Displaying the Zone Table 9-9 In the Administration Console , you can display the zone table either by network numbers or by zones. T o display the zone table: 1 F rom the Administration Console top-l.
9-10 C HAPTER 9: A DMINISTERING A PPLE T ALK R OUTING C onfiguring F or warding Y ou can control whether the router forwards or discards AppleT alk pack ets addressed to other hosts. When you enable for warding , the router processes packets as usual, for warding AppleT alk packets from one subnet to another when required .
Pinging an AppleTalk Node 9-11 Pinging an AppleT alk Node The AppleT alk Echo Protocol (AEP) sends a datagram (an E cho Request) from one node to another , which causes the destination node to return or echo , the datagram (an Echo Reply) to the sender .
9-12 C HAPTER 9: A DMINISTERING A PPLE T ALK R OUTING An example of summar y statistics is shown below : The AppleT alk DDP statistics you can view are described in T able 9-1: Slot 2 - DDP forwarding is enabled.
Viewing Appletalk Statistics 9-13 Displaying RTMP Information T o display RTMP statistics: 1 F rom the Administration Console top-level menu , enter : appletalk statistics rtmp 2 Enter the slot(s) of the EFSM(s) for which you want to view RTMP statistics.
9-14 C HAPTER 9: A DMINISTERING A PPLE T ALK R OUTING Displaying ZIP Information T o display ZIP statistics: 1 F rom the Administration Console top-level menu , enter : appletalk statistics zip 2 Enter the slot(s) of the EFSM(s) for which you want to view ZIP statistics.
Viewing Appletalk Statistics 9-15 An example of summar y statistics is shown below : The ZIP statistics you can view are described in T able 9-3: T able 9-3 ZIP Statistics Field Description inQueries .
9-16 C HAPTER 9: A DMINISTERING A PPLE T ALK R OUTING Displaying NBP Information The NBP handles the translations between the numeric internet address and the alphanumeric entity names used by AppleT alk.
Viewing Appletalk Statistics 9-17 The NBP statistics you can view are described in T able 9-4: T able 9-4 NBP Statistics Field Description inLkupReqs Number of NBP Lookup Requests received inBcastsReq.
9-18 C HAPTER 9: A DMINISTERING A PPLE T ALK R OUTING.
IV Appendix A T echnical Suppor t A PPENDIX.
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A T ECHNICAL S UPPORT 3Com pro vides easy access to technical suppor t information through a variety of ser vices. T his appendix describes these ser vices.
A-2 A PPENDIX A: T ECHNICAL S UPPORT Acc ess by ISDN ISDN users can dial-in to 3ComBBS using a digital modem f or fast access up to 56 Kbps. T o access 3ComBBS using ISDN, dial the following number : .
Support from Your Network Supplier A-3 Local access numbers are a vailable within the following countries: Suppor t from Y our Netw ork Supplier If additional assistance is required , contact your network supplier .
A-4 A PPENDIX A: T ECHNICAL S UPPORT Suppor t from 3C om If you are unable to receive support from your network supplier , technical suppor t contracts are available from 3C om. In the U.S. and Canada, call (800) 876-3266 for customer service. If you are outside the U.
I NDEX Numerics 3Com Bulletin Board Service (3ComBBS) A-1 3Com sales offices A-4 3ComF acts A-2 A AARP 6-10 AARP cache administering 9-6 displaying 9-7 removing an entry from 9-8 address classes 4-3 IP 7-1 IP to MAC, translating 7-9 MAC 3-3 network 3-3 Address Resolution P rotocol.
2 I NDEX conventions notice icons 2 text 2 cost of IP inter face 7-2 See also metric D datagram deliver y protocol 6-6 datagrams, statistics 7-16 data-link layer 4-1 DDP statistics 9-11 default route,.
I NDEX 3 RIP mode 7-14 routes 7-5 statistics, displaying 7-16 IP address address classes 4-3 configuring 7-3 defined 4-2 derived from 4-2 division of network and host 4-2 example 4-4 for IP inter fa.
4 I NDEX network layer , AppleT alk 6-6 network numbers extended 6-2 nonextended 6-2 network supplier suppor t A-3 nodes AppleT alk 6-2 nonextended network numbers 6-2 O on-line technical services A-1.
I NDEX 5 S SAP aging mechanism 5-14 packet struc ture 5-11 request handling 5-15 using for dynamic routes 5-14 SAP mode setting 8-13 SAP statistics, displaying 8-16 seed routers 6-4 segmentation, increasing 3-3 ser ver defining a static IPX 8-8 ser ver table contents 5-13 described 5-13 displaying 8-8 Ser vice Advertisement Protocol.
6 I NDEX.
LIMITED W ARRANTY HARDW ARE: 3Com warrants its hardware products to be free from defects in workmanship and materials, under normal use and service, for the following lengths of time from the date of .
Ein wichtiger Punkt beim Kauf des Geräts 3Com 6000 (oder sogar vor seinem Kauf) ist das durchlesen seiner Bedienungsanleitung. Dies sollten wir wegen ein paar einfacher Gründe machen:
Wenn Sie 3Com 6000 noch nicht gekauft haben, ist jetzt ein guter Moment, um sich mit den grundliegenden Daten des Produkts bekannt zu machen. Schauen Sie zuerst die ersten Seiten der Anleitung durch, die Sie oben finden. Dort finden Sie die wichtigsten technischen Daten für 3Com 6000 - auf diese Weise prüfen Sie, ob das Gerät Ihren Wünschen entspricht. Wenn Sie tiefer in die Benutzeranleitung von 3Com 6000 reinschauen, lernen Sie alle zugänglichen Produktfunktionen kennen, sowie erhalten Informationen über die Nutzung. Die Informationen, die Sie über 3Com 6000 erhalten, werden Ihnen bestimmt bei der Kaufentscheidung helfen.
Wenn Sie aber schon 3Com 6000 besitzen, und noch keine Gelegenheit dazu hatten, die Bedienungsanleitung zu lesen, sollten Sie es aufgrund der oben beschriebenen Gründe machen. Sie erfahren dann, ob Sie die zugänglichen Funktionen richtig genutzt haben, aber auch, ob Sie keine Fehler begangen haben, die den Nutzungszeitraum von 3Com 6000 verkürzen könnten.
Jedoch ist die eine der wichtigsten Rollen, die eine Bedienungsanleitung für den Nutzer spielt, die Hilfe bei der Lösung von Problemen mit 3Com 6000. Sie finden dort fast immer Troubleshooting, also die am häufigsten auftauchenden Störungen und Mängel bei 3Com 6000 gemeinsam mit Hinweisen bezüglich der Arten ihrer Lösung. Sogar wenn es Ihnen nicht gelingen sollte das Problem alleine zu bewältigen, die Anleitung zeigt Ihnen die weitere Vorgehensweise – den Kontakt zur Kundenberatung oder dem naheliegenden Service.
