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Contents iii Contents 1. Introduction 1-1 1.1 Introduction 1-1 1.2 Sun MediaCenter Hardwar e 1-2 1.3 Sun MediaCenter Software 1-4 1.3.1 Media File System (MFS) 1-5 1.3.2 Media Stream Manager 1-7 1.3.3 Content Manager 1-8 1.3.4 W eb-based T ools 1-8 1.
iv Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator’s Guide • December 1997 2.3 Splice Points 2-3 2.3.1 Packet Boundary 2-3 2.3.2 closed_gop 2-4 2.3.3 payload_unit_start_indicator 2-4 2.3.4 adaptation_field_control 2-4 2.3.5 random_access_indicator 2-4 2.3.6 PCR_flag 2-4 2.
Contents v 4.4 T able of Contents Page 4-12 4.4.1 V iew Menu 4-13 4.4.2 Selected Menu 4-15 5. Sun MediaCenter Server Utilities 5-1 5.1 Setting a T itle Access Control List 5-1 5.2 The smc_copy Utility 5-4 5.3 The smc_tar Utility 5-8 5.3.1 Syntax and Options 5-8 5.
vi Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator’s Guide • December 1997 7. Server Output Data Format 7-1 7.1 Introduction 7-1 7.2 A TM Encapsulation 7-2 7.2.1 MPEG-2 T ransport Stream Packet Encapsulation 7-2 7.2.2 MPEG-2 Program Str eam Packet Encapsulation 7-3 7.
Contents vii 9. Access Control Lists 9-1 9.1 ACL Files 9-1 9.2 Permissions 9-2 9.3 Server ACL 9-2 9.4 Player ACL 9-3 9.5 T itle ACL 9-4 9.6 Session ACL 9-4 10. T roubleshooting 10-1 10.1 Symptoms and Possible Solutions/W orkarounds 10-1 10.2 Error Messages 10-4 10.
viii Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator’s Guide • December 1997 B.6 T ape Storage Format B-12 B.6.1 T ar Format B-12 B.6.2 T apes B-14 B.7 Example B-14 B.
Preface ix Pr eface This document, the Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’ s Guide , tells you how to set up, load content onto, and perform other administrative duties relevant to a Sun™ MediaCenter™ server .
x Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator’s Guide • December 1997 The Sun MediaCenter Documentation Suite This manual is a companion to the Sun MediaCenter Server Installation and Configuration Manual , the Sun MediaCenter Server Programmer ’ s Guide and the Sun MediaCenter UltraSP ARC Hardwar e Manual .
xi Appendix A “Setting up the SNMP Agent,” tells you how to make use of the SNMP agent that is shipped with the Sun MediaCenter server . Appendix B “Creating a Content Package,” describes how to prepare content if you are unable to use ftp for loading content.
xii Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator’s Guide • December 1997 Shell Pr ompts in Command Examples The following table shows the default system prompt and superuser prompt for the C shell, Bourne shell, and Korn shell.
1-1 CHAPTER 1 Intr oduction 1.1 Intr oduction The Sun MediaCenter server is a combination of standard server hardware and special software that is optimized for and dedicated to the storage and delivery of video streams.
1-2 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 ■ a Content Manager (CM), which includes an RPC-based API that allows users to move content between servers or between a server and a client.
Chapter 1 Introduction 1-3 FIGURE 1-1 High-level Hardwar e Architectur e Content is loaded onto the Sun MediaCenter server via the server ’s Content Manager , over a LAN or using 4- or 8-mm DA T tape.
1-4 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 1.3 Sun MediaCenter Softwar e The Sun MediaCenter software has three major components, the Media File System (MFS), the Media Stream Manager (MSM), and the Content Manager (CM).
Chapter 1 Introduction 1-5 W ith the exception of the APIs for the MSM and CM, the workings of the server ’s software components are lar gely invisible to the user . This is particularly true of the MFS, access to which is exclusively throughout the MSM and CM.
1-6 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 Hot swappability The MFS supports the replacement of a failed disk while the server continues to deliver streams. Following disk replacement, you use a single command to restor e data from the parity disk to the new disk and return the server to normal playback mode.
Chapter 1 Introduction 1-7 ■ scheduler The scheduler sorts and schedules disk I/O, manages bit pump buffers, performs admission control, and schedules output driver activity .
1-8 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 The MSM’s primary interface is the MSM Client API, described in the Sun MediaCenter Server Programmer ’ s Guide . The MSM supports playthrough, trick play , and other features of the Media File System.
Chapter 1 Introduction 1-9 1.4.1 A TM In an A TM environment, one or more Sun MediaCenter servers are directly connected to an A TM switch via A TM host adapters. Digital video streams are sent to clients using A TM virtual circuits. FIGURE 1-4 Sun MediaCenter Servers in A TM Environment 1.
1-10 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 FIGURE 1-5 Sun MediaCenter Servers in LAN environment 1.5 Content Pr eparation and Loading The Sun MediaCenter software specifies a format for content, described in Chapter 2, “Preparing and Loading Content.
Chapter 1 Introduction 1-1 1 1.6 Server Management An SNMP agent is provided is provided with the Sun MediaCenter software. This agent includes the following MIB information: ■ current number of playing streams; ■ current aggr egate bandwidth; ■ number of missed deadlines; ■ number and location of disk errors.
1-12 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 delivery support output only . The MSM Client API has calls that allow you to specify an ultimate destination, but do not, for example, allow you to set any parameters on that destination, which would imply the ability of the receiver to confirm a setting.
2-1 CHAPTER 2 Pr eparing and Loading Content This chapter specifies what video content should consist of and how it should be formatted, as required by the Sun MediaCenter software. It also pr ovides guidelines for content loading. This chapter does not tell you how to encode content.
2-2 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 ■ The timing information embedded in an MPEG file must exactly reflect the constant bit rate encoded in the file.
Chapter 2 Preparing and Loading Content 2-3 ■ All trick files must be encoded at a bit rate that is less than or equal to the bit rate of the normal-speed bit stream.
2-4 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 2.3.2 closed_gop The closed_gop is a one-bit flag that indicates the nature of the predictions used in the B-pictures immediately following the first coded I-frame following the group-of- pictures header .
Chapter 2 Preparing and Loading Content 2-5 2.4 Content Loading The preferr ed method of storing content on a Sun MediaCenter server is to use the W eb-based CmT ool. CmT ool uses the Sun MediaCenter FTP daemon and the Content Manager (CM), part of the Sun MediaCenter software, to store content.
2-6 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 ■ The machine on which your content is stored does not have ftp client software. ■ For video file transfers from the server to a client machine, if your video file is smaller or equal to 2.
Chapter 2 Preparing and Loading Content 2-7 2.5 Refer ences ISO/IEC 13818-1/2/3 Recommendation H.262: “Generic Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio Information: Systems/V ideo/Audio” ISO/IEC 1 1 172-1/2/3 “Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio for digital storage media at up to 1.
2-8 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997.
3-1 CHAPTER 3 Monitoring the Server This chapter describes the Sun MediaCenter W ebAdmin tool, a W eb-based graphical user interface (GUI) for monitoring the Sun MediaCenter server . The tool is part of the software that is installed on the Sun MediaCenter server .
3-2 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 3.2 Using the W ebAdmin T ool Y ou can run W ebAdmin from the following: ■ Any browser that is fully compatible with Java Developer ’s Kit (JDK) version 1.1.1 or later (for example, HotJava™ 1.
Chapter 3 Monitoring the Server 3-3 FIGURE 3-1 Sun MediaCenter Page Y ou may need to set security on your browser to allow the W ebAdmin applet to connect to your local system. For the Sun HotJava browser , select “Allow all connects without warning” and “Allow access to all properties” in the Security V iolation popup windows.
3-4 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 Once the applet loads, the Resource Utilization page is displayed: FIGURE 3-2 Resource Utilization Page.
Chapter 3 Monitoring the Server 3-5 3.2.2 Common Page Elements This section describes the items that appear at the top of each page in the W ebAdmin tool. Each page is described in detail in later sections in this chapter. The Server Name field appears at the top left corner of each page and identifies the Sun MediaCenter server being monitored.
3-6 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 V ideos being copied Displays the number of content movement sessions on the server . Click on the icon or the link to display the Copy Sessions page, where you can view more information about the content movement sessions.
Chapter 3 Monitoring the Server 3-7 FIGURE 3-3 Streaming V ideos Page The top portion of the Streaming V ideos page shows the number of streams that are being played on the server , the average rate of the streams (in bits per second), and the percentage of available bandwidth being used by the streams.
3-8 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 ■ the title being viewed ■ speed (Fast-Forward, Slow Motion, Stopped, Playing, Reverse) Click on the stream icon to view more information about this stream.
Chapter 3 Monitoring the Server 3-9 This page shows the following information about the stream being viewed: Stream Name and Direction T itle and direction (fast-forward, playing, stopped, reverse, etc.) of the stream. Format Format of the content. Bit Rate Bit rate at which the stream is being played.
3-10 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 FIGURE 3-5 Copy Sessions Page The top of the Copy Sessions page shows the number of copy sessions that ar e active on the server .
Chapter 3 Monitoring the Server 3-1 1 Click on the session icon to view more information about this stream. The Session Information page shows detailed information about the content movement session that you selected in the Copy Sessions page.
3-12 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 This page displays the following information: State Creating or Opening Shared or Exclusive Reliable or Unreliable Status OK or error message from CM_API. T ransfer Mode TCP or A TM Address TCP port or A TM address.
Chapter 3 Monitoring the Server 3-13 FIGURE 3-7 Disk Capacity Page A red, Failed Disk icon appears at the top of this page only if there is a failed disk in the MFS.
3-14 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 The bottom portion of the Disk Capacity page displays the disks in groups, as specified by the RAID layout. Individual disks can be either Data or Parity type. The size and name of each disk are shown.
Chapter 3 Monitoring the Server 3-15 The top portion of the Disk Info page shows statistics about the usage of the disk. The bottom portion of the page shows any late events or disk errors. 3.7 T r oubleshooting The T roubleshooting page allows you to monitor the following server components: MFS disks, network, console, and bit pump.
3-16 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 FIGURE 3-9 T roubleshooting Page The T roubleshooting page contains the following links: ■ Media File System: disks displays the Disk Health page. See Section 3.7.1, “Disk Health,” on page 3-17.
Chapter 3 Monitoring the Server 3-17 3.7.1 Disk Health This page shows the status of disks in the MFS. The Disk Health page is shown below: FIGURE 3-10 Disk Health Page.
3-18 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 The Disk Health page displays the disks in groups, as specified by the RAID layout. Individual disks can be either Data or Parity type. The name of each disk is shown, along with an icon that shows the status of the disk.
Chapter 3 Monitoring the Server 3-19 : FIGURE 3-1 1 Console Log Page Y ou can use the search function at the bottom of the page to search for a specific string.
3-20 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 3.7.3 Scheduler and Bitpump The Bitpump page displays information about the Sun MediaCenter server scheduler and bitpump.
Chapter 3 Monitoring the Server 3-21 T ABLE 3-1 describes the fields in this page. T ABLE 3-1 Scheduler and Bitpump Statistics Active Active Streams Number of active str eams Bandwidth Collective network bandwidth of all active str eams, in bytes/sec.
3-22 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 Admit Max Active Maximum number of str eams allowed. This a fixed value. Max Bw Maximum bandwidth allowed for str eams, in bytes/sec. Num Admitted Number of successful admissions.
Chapter 3 Monitoring the Server 3-23 bitPump bitPumpStreams Current number of bit pump str eams. bitPumpBandwidth Bandwidth of the bit pump, in bits/sec.
3-24 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997.
4-1 CHAPTER 4 Moving Content This chapter describes the Sun MediaCenter CmT ool, a W eb-based graphical user interface (GUI) that allows you to transfer content to a Sun MediaCenter server . The tool is part of the software that is installed on the Sun MediaCenter server .
4-2 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 4.2 Using CmT ool Y ou can run CmT ool from the following: ■ Any browser that is fully compatible with Java Developer ’s Kit (JDK) version 1.1.1 or later (for example, HotJava 1.
Chapter 4 Moving Content 4-3 FIGURE 4-1 Sun MediaCenter Page Y ou may need to set security on your browser to allow the CmT ool applet to connect to your local system. For the Sun HotJava browser , select “Allow all connects without warning” and “Allow access to all properties” in the Security V iolation popup windows.
4-4 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 FIGURE 4-2 T able of Contents Page.
Chapter 4 Moving Content 4-5 4.2.2 Common Page Elements This section describes the items that appear at the top of each page in CmT ool. Specific elements of each page are described later in this chapter . The Server Name field appears at the top left corner of each page and identifies the Sun MediaCenter server you are managing.
4-6 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 FIGURE 4-3 Server Login Page Y ou enter in a username and password for the Sun MediaCenter server in the Login Information page. Once you have successfully logged in to the server , you will not need to enter the login information again unless you quit CmT ool or reload the page.
Chapter 4 Moving Content 4-7 FIGURE 4-4 Load Content Page The disk space available on the server is shown in the upper right corner of the page. T o load content onto the server , first specify the source where the content is located. If you select Local filesystem, you are prompted for the username and password to log in to the local system.
4-8 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 FIGURE 4-5 Content on Remote System T o copy a title from a remote system or local filesystem, select the title or file from the scrolling list, then click the Copy selected file button.
Chapter 4 Moving Content 4-9 Y ou are pr ompted to specify a title for the content on the server , as shown in FIGURE 4-6 . Y ou can enter a name that is different from the sour ce or use the same title. Remember that you cannot use spaces in titles. Click the Copy button (or select the Cancel button to cancel the copy operation).
4-10 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 Y ou are pr ompted to confirm the copy operation, as shown in FIGURE 4-7 . Click the smc_copy button (or select the Cancel button to cancel the copy operation).
Chapter 4 Moving Content 4-1 1 The Session Information page, shown in FIGURE 4-8 , shows the status of the content transfer . FIGURE 4-8 Session Information A message appears when the content has been successfully copied to the server . The content is now available for viewing on the Sun MediaCenter server .
4-12 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 4.4 T able of Contents Page This section describes the V iew and Selected menu options on the T able of Contents page.
Chapter 4 Moving Content 4-13 4.4.1 V iew Menu The V iew menu provides options that affect the display of titles in the T able of Contents page. The following options are available: ■ Display allows you to select the attributes that you want displayed for the titles.
4-14 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 FIGURE 4-1 1 Sort Dialog Box T o sort by one or more attributes, click on the attribute in the A vailable Attributes list and then click on the Add >> button.
Chapter 4 Moving Content 4-15 4.4.2 Selected Menu The Selected menu allows you to view more information about a selected title, and to rename, delete, or play the title. Select a title in the T able of Contents page, then select the More Info option from the Selected menu.
4-16 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997.
5-1 CHAPTER 5 Sun MediaCenter Server Utilities This chapter describes the utilities shipped with the Sun MediaCenter softwar e. Sun MediaCenter software offers a variety of means to transfer video files. See Section 2.4 “Content Loading” on page 2-5 for a discussion of the alternatives.
5-2 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 When you create a new title on a Sun MediaCenter server by , for example, using smc_copy to copy a video file from one server to another , you (the copier) have read, write, and admin permissions for that title.
Chapter 5 Sun MediaCenter Server Utilities 5-3 For the -d (delete) option, <title_users> stands for a comma-separated list of items of the form: ...where <username> is a Solaris login name. The -s , -m , and -d options accept an asterisk in the <username> field, so that you can specify ACL changes for all users on a server .
5-4 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 5.2 The smc_copy Utility The smc_copy utility copies content, specified by a title name or a local filesystem name, between a local filesystem and a Sun MediaCenter server or between two Sun MediaCenter servers.
Chapter 5 Sun MediaCenter Server Utilities 5-5 filename The name of a file in the form specified by a local filesystem, such as UFS or NFS. The filename might specify an MPEG file or , for a content package, a tar file. hostname : filename The IP hostname of a machine on which filename is stored, plus the filename .
5-6 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 -t type Indicates the type of the file, either data or index . A data file is an MPEG file. An index file is a file containing splice points for switching back and forth among trick play streams.
Chapter 5 Sun MediaCenter Server Utilities 5-7 The following command performs the same function as the preceding, except the -t and -s options are made explicit: The following command copies the title heidi from Sun MediaCenter server server1 to a Solaris machine host1 : The preceding command copies all files associated with the title heidi .
5-8 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 5.3 The smc_tar Utility If you cannot use ftp to load content, as explained in Section 2.4 “Content Loading” on page 2-5, you can use smc_tar . The smc_tar command extracts a content package from a tar archival device or tar file.
Chapter 5 Sun MediaCenter Server Utilities 5-9 the last argument in the command line if the b option is after the f option. <blknum> immediately follows the option list if the b option precedes the f option. w Prompts you before overwriting alr eady-existing content.
5-10 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 FIGURE 5-1 Loading Content with smc_tar After loading content with smc_tar , you can pass a TOC file (title name) as an argument to MSM Client API functions (described in the Sun MediaCenter Server Programmer’ s Guide ), to play the title described by that TOC file.
Chapter 5 Sun MediaCenter Server Utilities 5-1 1 Using smc_tar , you can copy files that were loaded onto the server by means other than smc_tar , such as with smc_copy or ftp .
5-12 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 5.3.4 Remote Copying and Extraction Y ou can run smc_tar from a Sun MediaCenter server or from a r emote host that has a network connection to a Sun MediaCenter server .
Chapter 5 Sun MediaCenter Server Utilities 5-13 The preceding command differs fr om the one before it in two r espects, indicated by the w and b options.
5-14 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 A useful technique for situations in which your MPEG file resides on CD-ROM is to create a symbolic link from the dir ectory where your TOC file r esides to the file on CD-ROM. Y ou then use tar with the h option, which causes tar to follow symbolic links.
Chapter 5 Sun MediaCenter Server Utilities 5-15 Examples of scripts that use smc_tar are shown below . The following script archives content to the locally-mounted /dev/rmt/0 device and writes the content titles to the UFS file SMCBackup. current-date in the current directory .
5-16 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 The following script locates a specified content title from a previously-created SMCBackup. date file. It then prompts you to load the appropriate tape to restor e the archived title from the locally-mounted /dev/rmt/0 device.
Chapter 5 Sun MediaCenter Server Utilities 5-17 5.4 The smc_ls Utility The smc_ls utility lists the titles available for playback on a Sun MediaCenter server .
5-18 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 The other smc_ls options affect the display and sort of the title output. As a general rule, lowercase options specify the type of sort to be performed, while uppercase options specify the display of an attribute.
Chapter 5 Sun MediaCenter Server Utilities 5-19 -r Reverse the order of the sort. This option applies across all other sort options. -S Display the play speeds for the title. For titles with multiple speeds, each available speed is listed, separated by a comma (,).
5-20 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 The following example displays a “long listing” of the content on the local Sun MediaCenter server , sorted in order of most-recently-modified time: Note that 1000 repr esents normal speed, forward direction.
Chapter 5 Sun MediaCenter Server Utilities 5-21 The following example displays a long list of the current titles on the local server , with the output reverse-sorted by modification time (most-recently modified time last) and bitrate information displayed (instead of play speed): 5.
5-22 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997.
6-1 CHAPTER 6 Sun MediaCenter Server FTP Daemon This chapter describes the Sun MediaCenter server FTP daemon. This daemon allows any ftp user—on any operating system/hardware platform—to access video files on a Sun MediaCenter server .
6-2 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 FIGURE 6-1 Sun MediaCenter FTP Functions FTP Client Sun MediaCenter Server Software Standard (Video Files) Media File System PC or.
Chapter 6 Sun MediaCenter Server FTP Daemon 6-3 6.1 Keywor d for V ideo-File Functions The keyword smc: in an ftp command invokes a video-file function.
6-4 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 6.2 V ideo-File Attributes A piece of video content is stored as a title on a Sun MediaCenter server .
Chapter 6 Sun MediaCenter Server FTP Daemon 6-5 The attribute values of the title named Bambi indicate a normal-play , forward- direction, MPEG file that was encoded 3 Mb/sec. in MPEG-2 Program Stream format. All video-file commands require a value for the title attribute.
6-6 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 All ftp commands except rename , when used with the Sun MediaCenter FTP daemon, accept the asterisk ( * ) as a wildcard character . When using the Solaris FTP client, you must use a backslash to escape the asterisk.
Chapter 6 Sun MediaCenter Server FTP Daemon 6-7 6.3.1 Listing Files dir The dir command lists the names of the data and index files associated with the titles on a Sun MediaCenter server .
6-8 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 ls Like the dir command, the ls command lists the names of the data and index files associated with the titles on a Sun MediaCenter server .
Chapter 6 Sun MediaCenter Server FTP Daemon 6-9 Examples of mls use: 6.3.2 Moving Files When copying a data file (that is, an MPEG file), as distinguished from an index file, within ftp , use the bin command to put ftp in binary mode. Index files are ASCII files, so you can use ASCII mode, ftp ’s default mode, for their transfer .
6-10 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 W ith regard to video-file attributes, when you get or mget files, (the Media File System [MFS]-to-local file system direction) those files are stored in a local file system with as many or few attributes as you specify .
Chapter 6 Sun MediaCenter Server FTP Daemon 6-1 1 get The get command allows you to copy a video file from a Sun MediaCenter server to a local file system. An example of its use: put The put command allows you to copy a video file from a local file system to a Sun MediaCenter server .
6-12 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 6.3.2.2 Moving Multiple T itles The mget and mput commands are intended for the backup and restore of titles between the MFS and a local filesystem. Y ou can use mput only with files that you have previously backed up with mget .
Chapter 6 Sun MediaCenter Server FTP Daemon 6-13 mput The mput command copies files from a local file system to a Sun MediaCenter server . mput allows you to copy a single video title or all of the titles that have been copied to a given directory in a local file system using the mget command.
6-14 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 6.3.4 Deleting Files delete The delete (or del ) command allows you to delete a video file from a Sun MediaCenter server . Y ou specify only a title name for this command. An example of its use: 6.
Chapter 6 Sun MediaCenter Server FTP Daemon 6-15 As an example, consider that you encode the title “Batman” at 3 Mbits/sec., in MPEG T ransport Stream format. Y ou have three MPEG files, one for normal speed, one for 21 times normal speed, forward direction, and one for 21 times normal speed, reverse direction.
6-16 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997.
7-1 CHAPTER 7 Server Output Data Format This chapter describes the format of the data that is output from the Sun MediaCenter Server . It also tells you how to specify output data encapsulation for the Media Stream Manager Client API. This API is covered in the Sun MediaCenter Server Programmer ’ s Guide .
7-2 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 controlled by the Content Manager (CM). Utilities that use the CM are described in Chapter 5 and Chapter 6. The CM server and client APIs are described in the Sun MediaCenter Server Programmer ’ s Guide .
Chapter 7 Server Output Data Format 7-3 7.2.2 MPEG-2 Pr ogram Str eam Packet Encapsulation The MPEG-2 Program Stream can have any packet size. The server delivers AAL-5 packets with an MPEG data size corresponding to twenty MPEG T ransport packets or 3760 bytes for the Program Stream encapsulation.
7-4 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 7.3 A TM Addr essing Y ou specify the destination address with the MSMC API’s msmSetConnect() function. Y ou fill in an instance of the MsmConnect structure before calling msmSetConnect() .
Chapter 7 Server Output Data Format 7-5 The address is a string of the following format: The components of this address are as follows: ■ The <IP hostname> is the destination client’s IP hostname. ■ The <UDPport num> is the destination UDP port number on which the client host is awaiting data.
7-6 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 FIGURE 7-2 LAN/Enterprise Scenario 7.4.1 MPEG-2 T ransport Str eam Packet Encapsulation As of the date of this publication, there is no standard for transmitting MPEG over Ethernet.
Chapter 7 Server Output Data Format 7-7 7.4.2 MPEG-2 Pr ogram Str eam Packet Encapsulation The MPEG-2 Program Stream is not defined to have any fixed packet size by the MPEG-2 standard.
7-8 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 The components of this address are as follows: ■ The <IP hostname> is the destination client’s IP hostname. ■ The <UDPport num> is the destination UDP port number on which the client host is awaiting data.
Chapter 7 Server Output Data Format 7-9 7.7 Dif fer ences Among Dif fer ent T ypes of Links The following are distinctions among the ways a Sun MediaCenter server handles video output over Fast Ethern.
7-10 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997.
8-1 CHAPTER 8 Administering MFS Disks This chapter tells how to monitor MFS disks and how to detect and respond to disk failures. 8.1 Monitoring MFS Disks The easiest way to monitor the Media File System (MFS) disks is to use the Sun MediaCenter W ebAdmin tool.
8-2 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 Y ou can also use the Solstice Domain Manager (or other SNMP-conformant program) to monitor the Media File System (MFS) disks.
Chapter 8 Administering MFS Disks 8-3 mfs df usage is as follows: The mfs df command has the following options: -k Space is reported in kilobytes, rather than 64K blocks -v An option that produces “verbose” output. The two options can be used together , to obtain verbose output with space reported in kilobytes.
8-4 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 Note in the verbose mfs df output, above, that the MFS block size ( 64k ) is reported, as well as the disk type, which can be either data or parity .
Chapter 8 Administering MFS Disks 8-5 MPEGPS MPEG Program Stream packet format. MPEG1SYS MPEG-1 System Stream packet format. MPEGTCE MPEG Thomson Consumer Electronics format. The packetization of this encapsulation consists of an arbitrary number 130-byte packets.
8-6 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 mfs repair usage is as follows: The arguments to mfs repair are described below: -c Perform consistency checking, including reclaiming unused blocks. -s Display the status of a failed drive (if any).
Chapter 8 Administering MFS Disks 8-7 T o find out which MFS disk has failed, you enter: mfs repair reports that the disk at c1t3d0s2 has failed. Chapter 3 of the Sun MediaCenter UltraSP ARC Hardware Manual tells you that c1t3d0s2 corresponds to the third data disk in the first Multipack enclosure connected to SCSI port 1 on the server .
8-8 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 Following this command, use the mfs repair commands described above to replace the failed disk. Use of mfs repair is appropriate only for single disk failures. T wo, overlapping disk failures cause the server to panic.
Chapter 8 Administering MFS Disks 8-9 Following invocation without the -f option, mkmfs prompts you for the information requir ed to build an MFS. For example: Y ou specify the parity drive(s) after you have entered all data drives.
8-10 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 The meta-file for the MFS is stored in /var/opt/SUNWsms/MFS . Use the Solaris format command to obtain the SCSI target numbers used as input for mkmfs . The preceding example assumes you use slice 2 ( s2 ) to stand for the entire disk.
Chapter 8 Administering MFS Disks 8-1 1 In the output above, make note of the SCSI disk address (similar to the number c1t4d0s2 ). Chapter 3 of the Sun MediaCenter UltraSP ARC Hardware Manual has instructions for mapping SCSI disk addresses to physical disks.
8-12 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 The procedur e to replace and restor e a parity disk is the same as for a data disk. A parity disk failure would be discovered while loading content. At the point of disk failure, the loading operation ceases.
9-1 CHAPTER 9 Access Contr ol Lists Y ou restrict Sun MediaCenter server operations to specific users by creating access control lists (ACLs). Y ou can create ACLs for the following: ■ Server: Allows programs to list players, titles, or states and/or create or delete players.
9-2 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 9.2 Permissions All files used for ACLs support the following syntax: < user >:< permission > For all ACL files, standard Solaris lookup mechanisms are used for user name lookup.
Chapter 9 Access Control Lists 9-3 ...with the result that all users have read permission. For example, with only read permission for a Sun MediaCenter server , a user can look up titles on the server , but cannot play a stream.
9-4 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 9.5 T itle ACL Each content title has an ACL which is accessible either programmatically through the cmGetAcl () function or by the smc_gettacl utility . T o create or modify permissions, use the cmSetAcl () function or the smc_settacl command.
Chapter 9 Access Control Lists 9-5 A session ACL has a single type of permission. A programmer who invokes cmClientCreate () to create a session obtains admin access to that session. A user who invokes smc_copy , smc_tar , or ftp , to move, delete, or rename content receives admin access to the CM session used for that operation.
9-6 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997.
10-1 CHAPTER 10 T r oubleshooting This chapter describes tools you can use to track down problems you might have with your Sun MediaCenter server . The most useful tool you can have for modeling your .
10-2 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 Underperforming stream output Possible cause is network congestion. Use a network analyzer or your switch vendor ’s diagnostics to analyze network performance. Note that your server is intended only for the storage and delivery of multimedia streams.
Chapter 10 Troubleshooting 10-3 Poor video quality Possible causes: Content is stored at a bit rate different fr om that at which it was encoded. Content might be poorly encoded. The destination client might not be able to keep up with the video stream.
10-4 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 Unable to create title on the MFS. Likely cause: A filled MFS or a disk failure.
Chapter 10 Troubleshooting 10-5 WARNING: stream id 107 (ba@426,3,80@) xmit error: Q size 33 Cause: Low-level software has detected a transmission error .
10-6 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997.
A-1 APPENDIX A Setting up the SNMP Agent The Sun MediaCenter software is shipped with its own SNMP agent, which is part of the SUNWsmsnm package. This agent is based on the SNMP agent shipped with the Solstice Domain Manager (SDM); the agent has been extended to support the Sun MediaCenter server .
A-2 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 Note – A caveat on the use of the SNMP agent shipped with the Sun MediaCenter server: If you use SNMP to manage the Sun MediaCenter software, you cannot also run an SNMP agent to manage other components of your system (for example, the A TM interface).
Appendix A Setting up the SNMP Agent A-3 admTotalDelay T otal delay for the admission of all streams since last r eboot, in milliseconds. admAverageDelay A verage admission delay , in milliseconds. bitPump bitPumpStreams Current number of bit pump str eams.
A-4 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 diskLateTime T ime at which the late event was detected, in microseconds. diskLateDuration Duration of lateness, in milliseconds. diskTable diskDeviceId Name of the disk. diskNumIOoperations Number of I/O operations for a disk.
Appendix A Setting up the SNMP Agent A-5 The SMC MIB attributes can be categorized a number of different ways. One way is to divide the attributes between those that have fixed values—fixed at compile time or when the server software completes booting—and those that change in response to server use.
A-6 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 The remaining attributes, those not in T ABLE A-2 , are counters, sizes, identifiers, and times (both durations and instants) that change according to conditions on the server .
Appendix A Setting up the SNMP Agent A-7 3. Edit $SNMHOME/struct/elements.schema , to add lines for the Sun MediaCenter server . Use the lines for the SP ARCcenter 1000 ( sc1000 ) as a basis for the new lines for the Sun MediaCenter server ( sms1000 ).
A-8 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 6. Run: build_oid (with no arguments). This program maps names in Sun MediaCenter server MIB to new OIDs. 7. (Optional) Copy your $SNMHOME/discover.conf file to /etc/opt/SUNWconn/ snm .
Appendix A Setting up the SNMP Agent A-9 As an example of a the SNMP agent’s capability , the following is a Quick Dump report for the bitPump attribute on a machine redoubt : A.
A-10 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 2 Missed_Deadline The Sun MediaCenter software ensures delivery of media streams at the same rate at which they were recor ded. The bit pump’s missing of a deadline indicates that the machine was, at least momentarily , unable to keep up with the rate of a title.
B-1 APPENDIX B Cr eating a Content Package This appendix describes a content package , which is one way that content can be prepar ed for storage on a Sun MediaCenter server . Specifically , this document describes: ■ the types of files that make up a content package; ■ the storage format of those files on tape.
B-2 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 B.1 Content Package A content package is a collection of separate MPEG streams that represent the content of a title (including audio and video) at various playback speeds.
Appendix B Creating a Content Package B-3 FIGURE B-1 Structure of a Content Package Note – If your content consists of a single bit stream, you do not need an index file. Y ou content package will consist of only a T able of Contents file and the single bit stream.
B-4 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 A TOC file is described with the following structures: Some rules regar ding the encoding of a TOC file: ■ TOC files themselves are assignments to the types declared above. ■ All INTEGER s are r epresented as decimal values.
Appendix B Creating a Content Package B-5 B.2.1 ContentObjects The structure contains the overall information for the content package. B.2.1.1 title The title property is a string that specifies the name of the content.
B-6 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 MPEGTCE DSS transport format wherein the server transports data in units of 130-byte packets. MPEGPS MPEG-2 program stream encapsulation wherein the server transports data in 4- byte aligned packet sizes of arbitrary length.
Appendix B Creating a Content Package B-7 B.2.2.3 bitrate The bitrate property , expressed in bits/sec., specifies the bit rate at which the MPEG data file was encoded. This number also specifies the rate at which the file is to be played by the server to the network.
B-8 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 B.2.3.2 filepath The filepath property is a string specifying the pathname of the data file for this segment of the bit stream’s data.
Appendix B Creating a Content Package B-9 The fields in the TOC file are described as follows: title A name of your choosing. After you have stored the title on the server , smc_ls returns the contents of this field. version For versions 1.0 and 1.
B-10 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 The following is an example of a TOC file for a multi-part title: B.5 Index File Requir ements An index file is an ASCII file that specifies the splice points for one bit str eam in a content package.
Appendix B Creating a Content Package B-1 1 Note – For video formatted as MPEG-2 T ransport Streams, the CM automatically generates index files for titles that contain trick play streams, at the point when content is loaded onto the server . For other formats, you must generate your own index files.
B-12 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 ■ NPT s for a reverse-playing stream must monotonically decrease, fr om beginning to end of the index file. ■ NPT is a time offset into the content as one would view the content at normal speed, not the time at which the pictures are presented (PTS).
Appendix B Creating a Content Package B-13 FIGURE B-2 T ape Storage Format The TOC file must be positioned as the first file in the tar tape and must have a file extension of .TOC . Except for the file extension, the naming of the TOC file is arbitrary .
B-14 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 The recommended block size of the tar format is 500 512-byte blocks, or 256,000 bytes. The default blocking factor for tar is 20 blocks, or 10,240 bytes. B.6.2 T apes The Sun MediaCenter server supports both 4-mm and 8-mm cartridge tapes.
Appendix B Creating a Content Package B-15 The content of the TOC file bambi.TOC is shown below . It contains attributes for every bit stream included in the content package for the movie “Bambi”. CODE EXAMPLE B-1 Example Content Package content { title “bambi”, version “SUNW.
B-16 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 The textual content of index files for various speeds are shown below . These examples illustrate the requirements spelled out in Section B.5 “Index File Requirements” on page B-10.
Appendix B Creating a Content Package B-17 For a file bambi.1x (index file for normal-speed play): For a file bambi.21x (index file for twenty-one times normal speed): In the preceding example note that the NPT value for the last entry is the same as the NPT entry for normal speed.
B-18 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 For a file bambi.n21x (index file for twenty-one times normal speed, in reverse): In the preceding example, note that the NPT value in the first entry is the same as the NPT value in the last entries of the two forward-direction files, above.
Appendix B Creating a Content Package B-19 CCITT Recommendation X.209 (1988): Specification of Basic Encoding Rules for Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.
B-20 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997.
Glossary-1 Glossary This glossary contains general, multimedia-related terms, as well as terms specific to the Sun MediaCenter product. W ords and phrases in the latter category are indicated as such. access control list A list of users and the associated operations they are allowed to perform.
Glossary-2 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 luminance A matrix, block, or single sample repr esenting a monochrome r epresentation of the signal. Luminance is related to the primary colors in the manner defined in the bit stream.
Glossary-3 T able of Contents (TOC) file A fundamental component of a content package . A T OC file lists the set of index and data files that contain the bit streams that make up the movie contained by that content package. MSM clients play movies by specifying a TOC file for that movie.
Glossary-4 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997.
Index-1 Index A access control list, definition of, Glossary-1 access control list, title, 5-1 active streams, detecting number of, 3-21, A-2 admin permission, requir ement for one user in title ACL, 5-3 Admission_Failed trap, A -9 alternatives for video file transfer, 2 -5 analog video, definition of, Glossary-1 ASN.
Index-2 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 content requir ements, 2- 1 content requir ements for trick play, 2- 2 content, utility for listing, 5-20 ContentObjects, ASN.
Index-3 loading content with smc_tar, 5 -9 loading content, with smc_copy, 5 -4 ls command, in ftp, 6 -8 luminance, definition of, Glossary-2 M management database, saving in Solstice Domain Manager,.
Index-4 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997 playthrough, support in the MFS, 1-5 Program Association T able, encoding requir ement, 2-2 Program Clock Refer ence, encoding.
Index-5 title access control list, 5-1 title ACL permissions, 5 -2 title naming convention, B -5 title, setting access to, 5 -2 titles, obtainiing list of on server, 5 -17 titles, removing, 5-21 TOC .
Index-6 Sun MediaCenter Server Administrator ’s Guide • December 1997.
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