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DAQ PCI-4451/4452 User Manual Dynamic Signal Acquisition Device for PCI April 1998 Edition Part Numb er 32189 1A-01 User.book Page 1 Tuesday, April 14, 1998 10:20 AM.
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Important Information Warranty The PCI-4451/4 452 is warranted again st defects in mate ria ls and workmansh ip for a peri od of one year from the date of shipment, as ev idenced by receipts or other documenta tion. National Ins truments will, a t its option, repa ir or replace equipme nt that proves to be defective during the warrant y period.
© Nationa l Instrument s Corporation v PCI-4451/ 4452 User Ma nual Contents About Th is Manual Organization of Th is Manual ............... ........... ................. ................. ................. ............ ix Conventions Used in This Manual.
Contents PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual vi © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion Device and RTSI C locks ...................... ........... ................. ................. .............. 3-11 Selecting Sample/Update Clock Freq uency ....... .......
Conten ts © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation vii PCI-4451/ 4452 User Ma nual Chapter 5 Calibration Loading Calibr ation Constants ............ ................. ........... ................. ................. ............ 5-1 Self-Calibration .....
Contents PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Manua l viii © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion Figures Figure 3-1. Digital Function Block Diagr am ................. ................. ................. ........ 3-1 Figure 3-2. Analog Function Blo ck Diagram .......
© Nationa l Instrument s Corporation ix PCI-4451/ 4452 Use r Manual About This Manual This manual describes the electrical and mechanical aspects of the PCI-44 51 and PCI-4 452 de vices and cont ains infor mation concerning thei r operation . Unless otherwis e noted, the te xt applies to bot h de vices.
About Th is Manual PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual x © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion •T h e Glossary contains an alphabetical list and description o f terms used in this m an ual, including abbreviations, acronyms, metric pref ixes, mn emonics, a nd symbols.
About This Ma nual © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation xi PCI-44 51/4452 Use r Manual National Instruments Documentation The PCI -4451/4452 User Manu al is one piece of the docum entation set for your D A Q system. Y ou could h av e an y of se v eral types of man uals dependin g on the hard ware and software in your syst em.
© Nationa l Instrument s Corporation 1-1 PCI-4451/ 4452 User Ma nual 1 Introduction This chapt er descri bes the PC I-445 1 and PCI -4452 d evices, li sts what you need to get start ed, explains how to unpack your devi ces, and describes the optional so ftware and optional eq ui pment.
Chapter 1 Introduction PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual 1-2 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion What Y ou Need to Get Started To set up and use you r PCI-4451 or PCI-4452, you w ill need the foll owing.
Chap ter 1 Int rodu ction © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation 1-3 PCI-4451/ 4452 User Ma nual Software Programming Choices There are sev eral optio ns to choose fr om to pro gram and use you r National Instruments device. Yo u can use LabVIE W for Windows, LabWindows/C VI for Windows , VirtualBench- DSA, Compon entWorks, and Measure.
Chapter 1 Introduction PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual 1-4 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion applicatio n you ca n use to make measurements as you w ould with a standard dynamic analyzer . Componen tW orks contains t ools for dat a acquis ition and instrument control built on NI-D A Q driv er software.
Chap ter 1 Int rodu ction © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation 1-5 PCI-4451/ 4452 User Ma nual • T o create yo ur o wn accessories, you can use an AMP 68 -pin right-angle PWB receptacle h eader , part number 787254- 1.
© Nationa l Instrument s Corporation 2-1 PCI-4451/ 4452 User Ma nual 2 Installation and Configuration This chapt er explains how to i nstall and configure y our PCI- 4451/4452 device. Software Installation Note Install your software bef ore you install your PCI-4451/4452 device.
Chapter 2 Installation an d Configurat ion PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual 2-2 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion 7. Check the instal lation. 8. Replace the cov er . 9. Plug in and turn on your co mputer . The PCI-44 51/4452 de vice is no w installed.
© Nationa l Instrument s Corporation 3-1 PCI-4451/ 4452 User Ma nual 3 Hardware Over view This chapte r presents an ov erview of the hardware funct ions on yo ur PCI-44 51/4452 devi ce. Fig ure 3-1 sho ws a block diagram of the digi tal function s. Figure 3-2 shows a block diagra m of the analo g function s.
Chapte r 3 Hard ware Ov erview PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual 3-2 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion Figur e 3-2. An alog Fun ction Block D iagram AC/DC Coupling MUX0 INPUT/CAL MUX0 0 dB/20 dB A TTE.
Chapt er 3 Hardwa re O verv iew © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation 3-3 PCI-4451/ 4452 User Ma nual Analog Input The analog inp ut section of each PCI-4451 /4452 device is sof tware configu rable. You can sel ect different analog input con figurat ions throu gh application software.
Chapte r 3 Hard ware Ov erview PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual 3-4 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion All data read from the ADC is interpreted as two’ s complement format. In two’ s complement mode, digital data v alues read from the analo g input channel are either p ositiv e or negati ve.
Chapt er 3 Hardwa re O verv iew © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation 3-5 PCI-4451/ 4452 User Ma nual Caution If yo u exceed the rated input voltages, yo u can damage the computer and the connected equipment. Analog Output The analog out put section of the PCI-4451 d evice is softwar e-configurabl e.
Chapte r 3 Hard ware Ov erview PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual 3-6 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion Note The device b oots in a mode with the outputs disabled AND infinitely ( ∞ ) attenuated . Althou gh these functions appear sim ilar , they are quit e distinct and are implemented to protect your external equipment from startup transients.
Chapt er 3 Hardwa re O verv iew © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation 3-7 PCI-4451/ 4452 User Ma nual you can con figure the analog input section to acquir e a giv en number of samples after the analog input signal crosses a specif ic threshold.
Chapte r 3 Hard ware Ov erview PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual 3-8 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion In abov e-high-level triggering mode, the trigger is gene rated wh en the signal value is greater than highVal ue . LowValue is unused . Figu re 3-4.
Chapt er 3 Hardwa re O verv iew © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation 3-9 PCI-4451/ 4452 User Ma nual In low-hysteresis triggering mode, the trigg er is generated when the si gnal v alue is less than lowValu e , with the hysteresis specif ied by highV alu e .
Chapte r 3 Hard ware Ov erview PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual 3-10 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion Figur e 3-8. RTSI Bu s Signal Conn ection Refer to the Chapter 4 , Signal Con necti on s fo r a des c ript i on of th e signals sho w n in F igure 3- 8.
Chapt er 3 Hardwa re O verv iew © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation 3-11 PCI -4451/4452 Us er Manual T iming Signal Routing The DAQ-STC provides a flexible interface for connectin g timing signals to other devices or t o external circu itry.
Chapte r 3 Hard ware Ov erview PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual 3-12 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion A PCI-4451/4452 device can use either its internal 20 MHz timebase or a timebase recei ved ov er the R TSI bus.
Chapt er 3 Hardwa re O verv iew © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation 3-13 PCI -4451/4452 Us er Manual Device Configuration Issues Selecting a sample rate that is less than two times the frequency of a band of interest can lead you to believe the board is funct ioning improp erly.
© Nationa l Instrument s Corporation 4-1 PCI-4451/ 4452 User Ma nual 4 Signal Connections This chapt er descr ibes how to make input an d output connections to your PCI-4451/ 4452 device via th e analog I/O and digital I/O con nectors of t he device.
Chapter 4 Signal Connections PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual 4-2 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion Analog I/O Connect or Signal Descrip tions Figur e 4-1 shows t he analog pi n connection s for th e PCI-4451/ 4452.
Chapter 4 Signal Connections © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation 4-3 PCI-4451/ 4452 User Ma nual Table 4- 1. Analog I/O Co nnector P in Assig nment Signal Name Reference Dir ection Description +ACH <0.. 3> AIGND Inp ut +Analog Input Cha nne l 0 t hrough 3—T he PCI-4451 uses +ACH<0 .
Chapter 4 Signal Connections PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual 4-4 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion Table 4 -2. Analog I/O Sign al Summ ary Signal Name Signal T ype and Directio n Impedance Input/ Output Protectio n (V ol ts) On/Off Sour ce (mA at V) Sink (mA at V) Ris e Time (ns) Bias +ACH<0 .
Chapter 4 Signal Connections © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation 4-5 PCI-4451/ 4452 User Ma nual Digital I /O Connector Sig nal Descriptio ns Figur e 4-2 shows t he digita l pin conne ctions for the PCI -4451/4452 .
Chapter 4 Signal Connections PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual 4-6 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion Table 4- 3. Digital I/O Connecto r Pin Ass ignment Signal Name Reference Direc tion Description DIO<0.
Chapter 4 Signal Connections © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation 4-7 PCI-4451/ 4452 User Ma nual GPCTR1_OUT DGND Output G eneral-Purpo se Co unter 1 Ou tput PFI6/WFTR IG DGND Input Output PFI6/ Wavefor m T rigger—A s an input, this is one of the PFIs.
Chapter 4 Signal Connections PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual 4-8 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion Tabl e 4-4. Digital I /O Signa l Summa r y Signal Name Signal T ype and Directio n Impedance Input/ Output Protectio n (V ol ts) On/Off Sour ce (mA at V) Sink (mA at V) Rise Time (ns) Bias DGND DIO — — — — — — +5 V DIO 0.
Chapter 4 Signal Connections © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation 4-9 PCI-4451/ 4452 User Ma nual Analog Input Signal Connections The analog inpu t signals f or the PC I-4 451 /4452 d evices are +ACH<0..3>, − ACH<0..3>, and AIGND. The + ACH<0.
Chapter 4 Signal Connections PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual 4-10 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion amplif ier output v oltage is re ferenced to th e ground fo r the de vice. Y our PCI-4451/ 44 52 de vice A/D con verter (ADC ) m easures thi s o utput v oltage when it perform s A/D con versions.
Chapter 4 Signal Connections © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation 4-11 PCI -4451/4452 Us er Manual Analog Output Signal Connections The analog ou tput signals for the PCI-4451 device are +DAC0OUT, − DAC0OUT, +DAC1OUT, -DAC1OUT, and AOGND. +DA C0OUT and − DAC0OUT are the pl us and min us voltage output signals for analog output channel 0.
Chapter 4 Signal Connections PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual 4-12 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion terminals is still equa l to the desired signal. If the minus side is grounde d, the plus voltage is equal to the signal. Co nversely , if the plus side is grounded, th e mi nus voltage is equal to the negative of the signal.
Chapter 4 Signal Connections © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation 4-13 PCI -4451/4452 Us er Manual Figure 4-5 shows signal connecti ons for th ree typical di gital I/O applications. Figu re 4-5. Digital I/O Conne ctions Figure 4-5 shows DIO<0..3> conf igured f or digital input and DIO<4.
Chapter 4 Signal Connections PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual 4-14 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion Digital Power Connections Four pins on the digital I/O connector supply +5 V from the computer power supply vi a a self-resetting fuse. The fuse wil l rese t auto matically within a few seconds after the o vercurrent condition is remov ed.
Chapter 4 Signal Connections © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation 4-15 PCI -4451/4452 Us er Manual As an input, you can in di vidually conf igure each PFI for edg e or le vel detection and for po larity selection as well.
Chapter 4 Signal Connections PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual 4-16 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion Pretriggered data acquisition allows you to vie w data that is acqu ired before the trigger of interest in addi tion to data acqui red after the trig ger .
Chapter 4 Signal Connections © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation 4-17 PCI -4451/4452 Us er Manual PFI1/TR IG2 (PRETR IG) Signal Any PFI pin can externally in put the PFI/1TRIG2 (PRETRIG) sign a l, which is available as an ou tput on the PFI1/TR IG2 (PRETRIG) pin.
Chapter 4 Signal Connections PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual 4-18 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion EXTSTROBE* Signa l EXTSTROBE* is an output-o nly signal that generates either a singl e pulse or a sequence of eight pulses in the hardware-stro be mode.
Chapter 4 Signal Connections © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation 4-19 PCI -4451/4452 Us er Manual General-Purp ose T iming Signal Con nections The general -purpose timin g signals are GP CTR0_SOURCE, GPCTR0_GATE, GPCTR0_OUT, GPCTR0_UP_DOWN, GPCTR1_SOURCE, GPCTR1_GATE, GPCTR1_OUT, GPCTR1_UP_DOWN, and FREQ_OUT.
Chapter 4 Signal Connections PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual 4-20 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion GPCTR0_GA TE Signal Any PFI pin can ex ternally input the GPC TR0 _GATE signal, wh ich is availab le as an ou tput on t he PFI9/GP CTR0_GATE pi n. As an input, th e GPCTR0_GA TE sig nal is configured in the edge-detection mode.
Chapter 4 Signal Connections © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation 4-21 PCI -4451/4452 Us er Manual GPCTR1_SOURCE Sign al Any PFI pin can ext ern al ly in put the GPCTR1 _SOURCE signal , whi ch i s availab le as an ou tput on t he PFI3/GP CTR1_SOURCE p in.
Chapter 4 Signal Connections PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual 4-22 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion As an output, the GPCTR1_GA TE signal monitors the ac tual gate signal connected to ge neral-pu rpose counter 1. This is true ev en if the gate is externally generated by anot her PFI signal.
Chapter 4 Signal Connections © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation 4-23 PCI -4451/4452 Us er Manual Figure 4-13. GPCTR Tim ing Summa ry The GA TE and OUT signal transitions shown in F igure 4-13 ar e referenced to the rising edge of the SOURCE s ignal.
Chapter 4 Signal Connections PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual 4-24 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion The OUT output timing parameters are ref erenced to the signal at the SOURCE inpu t or to one of th e internal ly generat ed clock si gnals on t he PCI-44 51/4452 de vices.
Chapter 4 Signal Connections © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation 4-25 PCI -4451/4452 Us er Manual The following recommendations apply for all sig nal connectio ns to digit al signal r outing fro m your PC I-4451/ 4452 de vice: • The dig ital output signal integrity is greatly influenced by th e length of the cable being driv en.
© Nationa l Instrument s Corporation 5-1 PCI-4451/ 4452 User Ma nual 5 Calibration This chapt er discus ses the cali bration proced ures for your PCI-44 51/4452 device.
Chapter 5 Calibration PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual 5-2 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion not very accu rate because it does no t take into account the f act that the de vice measurement and output v oltage errors can vary with time and temperature.
Chapter 5 Calibration © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation 5-3 PCI-4451/ 4452 User Ma nual you can save the results in the EEPR OM, so y ou should n ot hav e to perform an extern al calibration very often. Y ou can externally calibrate your de vice by calling the NI-D AQ calibration function.
© Nationa l Instrument s Corporation 6-1 PCI-4451/ 4452 User Ma nual 6 Theor y of Analog Operation This chapte r contains a fu nctional overview and explains the operation of each analog fu nctional unit making up the PCI-4 451/4452.
Chapter 6 Theor y of An alog Opera tion PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual 6-2 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion The 90 dB dyn amic range of the PCI -4451/4452 d evi ces is the result of lo w noise and distortion and makes possible high-accuracy measurements.
Chapt er 6 Th eor y of Analo g Opera tion © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation 6-3 PCI-4451/ 4452 User Ma nual Antialias Fi ltering A sampling system (such as an ADC) can represent si gnals of only limited bandwidth. Specifically , a sampling rate of F s can only represent signals with a maximum frequency of F s /2.
Chapter 6 Theor y of An alog Opera tion PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual 6-4 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion has an extremely flat frequenc y response in t he bandwidth of interest, and it has very little phase error . The analog f ilter precedes the analog sampler , which operates at 128 times the selected sample rate (26.
Chapt er 6 Th eor y of Analo g Opera tion © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation 6-5 PCI-4451/ 4452 User Ma nual Figu re 6-1. Inpu t Frequ ency Re sponse Amplitude (dB) Frequency/Sample Rate (f s ) 0.00 –20.00 –40.00 –60.00 –80.00 –100.00 –120.
Chapter 6 Theor y of An alog Opera tion PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual 6-6 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion Figu re 6-2. Input Freq uency Resp onse Near the Cuto ff Because the ADC samples at 128 times the data rate, frequency components above 64 times the data rate can alias.
Chapt er 6 Th eor y of Analo g Opera tion © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation 6-7 PCI-4451/ 4452 User Ma nual versus sample rate is illustrated in Fig ure 6-3. For fr equencies no t near multiples of th e oversample rate, the rejection is better than 85 dB.
Chapter 6 Theor y of An alog Opera tion PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual 6-8 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion Figur e 6-4. Com parison of a Cl ipped Sig nal to a Proper S ignal An ov errange can occur on the analog sign al as well as on the digitized signal.
Chapt er 6 Th eor y of Analo g Opera tion © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation 6-9 PCI-4451/ 4452 User Ma nual The resulting output of the filter is a band-limited sign a l with a dynamic range of ov er 90 d B.
Chapter 6 Theor y of An alog Opera tion PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual 6-10 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion Analog Output Circuitr y The PCI-445 1 has two analog output ch annels, either o f which is illustrated in Figu re 4-4, Analog Output Ch annel Block Diag ram .
Chapt er 6 Th eor y of Analo g Opera tion © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation 6-11 PCI -4451/4452 Us er Manual of eight times the sample rate , as sho wn in Figure 6-5c.
Chapter 6 Theor y of An alog Opera tion PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual 6-12 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion The DAC The 64-times o versampli ng delta-sigma DAC s on the PC I-4451 work in the same way as delta-sigm a ADC s, only in reverse.
Chapt er 6 Th eor y of Analo g Opera tion © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation 6-13 PCI -4451/4452 Us er Manual Mute Feature The two-channel DAC chip on the PCI-4451 goes into mute mode if the chip receives at least 4,096 consecutive zero values on both channels at once.
© Nationa l Instrument s Corporation A-1 PCI-4451/4452 Us er Manual A Specifications This appendix lis ts the specifications of the PCI-4451/ 44 52. These specifications are typical at 25° C unless otherwise noted. The system must be allo wed to warm-up for 15 minutes to achiev e the rated accur acy .
Appendix A Specifica tions PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual A-2 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion FIFO buffer size............... ................. ......512 samples Data transfers ........ ................. .................DMA, prog rammed I/O, interrupt T ransfer Ch aracteristics INL (relative accuracy) .
Appendix A Spe cifications © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation A-3 PCI-44 51/4452 Use r Manual Amplif ier Ch aracteris tics Input impedance ............................ ......... 1 M Ω in parallel with 50 pF (+ and − each to AIGND) Frequency response Gain 0, +10, +20 , +30, +40 dB .
Appendix A Specifica tions PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual A-4 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion Figur e A-1. Idle Ch annel Noi se (T ypic al) Input nois e spectral density .............. ......8 nV/ (achievable on ly at Gain = +50 dB or +60 d B) Dynamic Characte ristics Alias-free bandwidth .
Appendix A Spe cifications © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation A-5 PCI-44 51/4452 Use r Manual Phase linearity .................... ................. ... ±1°, Gain ≥ 0 dB, ±2°, Gain < 0 dB Interchannel phase........ ................. ......
Appendix A Specifica tions PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual A-6 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion Output signal range, software-selectable FIFO buffer size............... ................. ......512 samples Data transfers .............. ..... ...... .
Appendix A Spe cifications © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation A-7 PCI-44 51/4452 Use r Manual Dynamic Characte ristics Image-free ban dwidth ................... ......... DC to 0.450 f s Image rejection......................... ........... ... 90 dB, 0.
Appendix A Specifica tions PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual A-8 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion Digital logi c le vels Power-on state ............ ..... ...... ...... ...........Input (High-Z) Data transfers ........ ................. .............
Appendix A Spe cifications © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation A-9 PCI-44 51/4452 Use r Manual DMA modes ...... ........... ................. ......... Scatter gather T ri ggers Analog T rigger Source PCI-4451 ..................... .................
Appendix A Specifica tions PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual A-10 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion Available power ............... ................. ......+4.65 to +5.25 VDC at 0.5 A (analog I/O connector) Available power ............... ............
© Nationa l Instrument s Corporation B-1 PCI-44 51/4452 Use r Manual B Pin Connections This appen dix describes the pin co nnections on th e optional 68-pin digital accessories for the PCI-44 51 and PCI-4452 devices.
Appendix B Pin Con nections PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual B-2 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion Figur e B- 1. 68-Pin Dig ital Conn ector for any Dig ital Access ory N/C N/C N/C N/C N/C N/C N/C N/C.
© Nationa l Instrument s Corporation C-1 PCI-44 51/4452 Use r Manual C Customer Communication Fo r your con venience, this appendix contains forms to help y ou gather the inform ation necessary to help us solv e your technical pr oblems and a form you can use to com ment on the product documentation.
PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual C-2 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion Fax-on-Demand Support Fax -on-Demand is a 24-hour information ret riev al system co ntaining a library of documents on a wide range of techn ical information. Y ou can access F ax-on-Demand f rom a touch-tone telephone at 512 418 1111.
T echnical Support Form Photocopy this form and u pdate it each time you make chan ges to your sof tware or har dware, an d use the completed cop y of this form as a reference fo r your curr ent configur ation.
PCI-4451/4452 Hardware and Software Configuration Form Record the settings and re vi sions of your hardware and software on the line to the right of each item. Complete a ne w copy of this form each tim e you re vise your software or hard wa re con f i guration, an d use this form as a r eference for yo ur current conf iguration.
Documentation Comment F orm National Instrumen ts encourages you to comment on th e document ation supp lied with ou r product s. This information hel ps us provide quality products to m eet yo ur needs.
© Nationa l Instrument s Corporation G -1 PCI-4451/ 4452 User Ma nual Glossar y Pref ix M eanings V alue p- pico 10 –1 2 n- nano- 10 –9 µ- micro- 10 –6 m- milli- 10 –3 k- kilo- 10 3 M- meg a.
Gloss ar y PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual G-2 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion ADC an alog-to-digital con verter—an e lectronic de vice, often an integ rated circuit, that con verts an analog v .
Glossary © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation G -3 PCI-4451/ 4452 User Ma nual B b bit — one bi nary di git, eith er 0 o r 1 B byt e—eight relat ed bits of d ata, an eig ht-bit binary number .
Gloss ar y PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual G-4 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion clip clipping occurs when an in put signal exceeds the inpu t range of the amplifier clock h ardware component th at .
Glossary © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation G -5 PCI-4451/ 4452 User Ma nual current driv e capability the amount of current a digit a l or analo g output channel is capable of sourcing or sin king.
Gloss ar y PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual G-6 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion delta- sigma mod ulati ng ADC a high-accurac y circui t that samples at a higher rate and lo w er resolution than is needed and (by mean s of feedback loop s) pushes the quan tization noise above the frequency range of interest.
Glossary © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation G -7 PCI-4451/ 4452 User Ma nual E EEPR OM electrically erasable programmable re ad-only memory—R OM that can be erased with an electrical signal and r eprogrammed EMC electromechan ical compliance encoder a device that con verts linear or rotary displacement in to digital or pulse signals.
Gloss ar y PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual G-8 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion filtering a type of sign al conditionin g that allows you to attenuate unwanted portion s of the signal you are tryin.
Glossary © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation G -9 PCI-4451/ 4452 User Ma nual H h hour half-po wer bandwidth the frequenc y range ov er which a circuit maintains a level of at least –3 dB with res.
Gloss ar y PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual G-10 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion input impedance the measured resistance and capacitance between the input terminals of a circuit input of fset curre.
Glossary © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation G-11 PCI-4451/4452 Us er Manual K k kilo —the standard metric pr efix for 1,000 , or 10 3 , used with units of measure such as v olts, hertz, and meter.
Gloss ar y PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual G-12 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion M m meters M (1) Mega, the standard me tric prefix for 1 million or 10 6 , when used with units of measure such as v.
Glossary © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation G-13 PCI-4451/4452 Us er Manual nonreferenc ed signal sources signal sources with v oltage signals that are not conn ected to an absolute reference or system grou nd. Also called floating si gnal sources.
Gloss ar y PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual G-14 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion peak to peak a measure of signal amplitude; the dif ference between the highest and lowest e xcursions of the signal.
Glossary © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation G-15 PCI-4451/4452 Us er Manual R real t ime a property of an e vent or system in which data is p rocessed as it is acquired instead of being accu mulated and processed at a later time relati ve accur acy a measure in LSB of the linearity of an ADC.
Gloss ar y PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual G-16 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion sample co unter the clo ck that coun ts the outp ut of the channel clock, in other words , the number of samples take n. On boards wi th simul taneous samp ling, th is counter counts the output of the scan clock and hence the number of scans.
Glossary © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation G-17 PCI-4451/4452 Us er Manual STC s ystem timi ng contro ller switchless device devices that do not require dip switches or jumpers to configure r esou.
Gloss ar y PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual G-18 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion trigger any e vent that causes or starts some form of data capture TTL transis tor-tran sistor logic U unipolar a signal range that is alw ays positiv e (for example, 0 to +10 V) update the output equ iv alent of a scan.
Glossary © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation G-19 PCI-4451/4452 Us er Manual W wa veform mult ipl e v oltage readings taken at a specific sampling rate WFTRI G wor d the standard number o f bits th at a processo r or memory manipu lates at one time.
© Nationa l Instrument s Corporation I-1 PCI-44 51/4452 Us er Manual Index Numbers +5 V signal anal og I/O pin assi gnment s (table ), 4-3 analog I/O signal summary (table), 4-4 analog po wer connect.
Inde x PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual I-2 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion output mode, 3-5 output pol arit y and range, 3-5 to 3-6 signal co nnectio ns anal og outp ut chan nel blo ck diagr am, 4.
Index © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation I-3 PCI-44 51/4452 Us er Manual conf igurat ion de vice conf iguration, 2-2 ef fect of sam pling and u pdate rates, 3-13 connectors.
Inde x PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual I-4 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion related docum entation, xi dynamic characteristic specif ications analog input, A-4 to A- 5 anal og outp ut, A- 7 E e-mai.
Index © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation I-5 PCI-44 51/4452 Us er Manual I I/O connec tors, 4-1 to 4-8 de velo ping cable connector s, 1-5 exceeding maximum ratings (warn ing), 4-1 pin ass ignme n .
Inde x PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual I-6 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion PFI1 /TRIG 2 (PRE TRIG ) sign al digit al I/O pin assign m ents (t able), 4- 6 digital I/O sign al summary (table) , 4-8 .
Index © Nationa l Instrument s Corporation I-7 PCI-44 51/4452 Us er Manual analog I/O signal summary (table), 4-4 digit al I/O pin assign ments (table), 4-6 to 4-7 digit al I/O signa l sum mary (tabl.
Inde x PCI-4451/4 452 Us er Man ual I-8 © Nation al Instrume nts Corpora tion timing conn ectio ns, 4-14 to 4-24 acquisition tim ing connection s, 4-15 to 4-18 CONVER T* signal, 4-17 EXTSTR OBE* sign.
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