Benutzeranleitung / Produktwartung ISSUE 3 des Produzenten Sony
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C CTV The Sony Guide to this is not a rehearsal. Issue 3.
Introduction Case Studies What is Closed Circuit T elevision ? When and Where should it be used? Light Choosing a Camera Selecting the Correct Lens Which Monitor? T ransmission o f Video Signals Video.
In recent years... there has been no shortage of innovations in the CCTV industry with manufacturers competing to better meet the needs of crime prevention.
The Sony Guide to CCTV . Issue 3 2 Sony gives Newham a clearer picture Newham District Council has the largest local authority CCTV control room in the country , monitoring over 200 cameras in the heart of London’s East End.
For more information contact the Sony Business Information Centre: 01932 816340 Undergr ound Security Expanded The latest phase in London Underground’ s multi-million pound refurbishment programme includes the installation of 60 Sony CCTV cameras at three of South London's busiest central stations: Brixton, Pimlico and Vauxhall.
The Sony Guide to CCTV . Issue 3 Daewoo savings with Sony PMS In the face of rising manned guarding costs, Daewoo Cars has installed a new remote surveillance alternative – a monitoring codec from Sony.
For more information contact the Sony Business Information Centre: 01932 816340 F arsight Chooses the HSR-1P One of the UK’ s largest remote video monitoring companies has chosen the Sony HSR-1P to replace its existing complement of time-lapse video recorders and multiplexers.
6 The Sony Guide to CCTV . Issue 3 What is Closed Circuit T elevision ? Closed Circuit T elevision (CCTV) is a television system which operates on a ‘closed loop’ basis. Unlike broadcast television, which is available to anyone with a suitable receiver , CCTV pictures are only available to those directly connected to the loop.
When and where should it be used? Security and surveillance are the most accepted applications for CCTV systems. With the use of CCTV , managers and supervisors can control risks and minimise costs efficiently and with the minimum of disruption.
Light The human eye and the camera lens operate on completely different lines. Although the human eye adjusts automatically to various light conditions, the camera is inherently less flexible. In a CCTV system, lighting has to be ‘designed in’ from the beginning if the best results are to be obtained.
LUX* DESCRIPTION 50,000 British summer sunshine 5,000 Overcast sky 500 Well lit office 300 Minimum for easy reading 50 Passageway/outside working area 15 Good main road lighting 10 Sunset 5 T ypical side road lighting 2 Minimum security risk lighting 1 T wilight 0.
Backlight Compensation It is also important to consider whether there are bright spots in the picture such as car headlights which can make identification of the vehicle registration or model impossible. This can also be a major problem where it is necessary to identify persons who are moving from bright daylight into artificial light.
Choosing a Camera The camera is the ‘eye’ of a CCTV system and at its core lies CCD (charge coupled device) technology . The CCD is comprised of about 500,000 light sensitive cells called picture elements (pixels) which convert the light falling onto its surface into an electrical signal.
Sensitivity Colour cameras generally perform less well in low light than monochrome cameras, all other things being equal. Sensitivity is usually measured by reference to the lux level at which a camera can produce an image (see pa ge 9).
Camera Resolution The higher the resolution the sharper the picture. The best resolution available at present for CCD cameras is approaching 750 horizontal lines (TV lines) (3-CCD, DXC-950P) and 500 vertical lines. Resolution is not necessarily the key decision point.
developed a range of solutions, the most popular of which include hybrid cameras that operate in colour when lighting is adequate, switching to monochrome as darkness falls. Some cameras operate in low light by reducing the number of frames captured to produce a brighter picture although this causes problems when there is movement within the image.
Selecting the Correct Lens The quality of the lens is vital in determining the quality of the final image. The basic optical characteristics of a lens are the focal length (in zoom lenses the focal length range) or angle of coverage, and the aperture range.
Aperture range The aperture is the clear opening in the centre of the lens that allows light to pass to the pick-up device. The aperture size is described in relation to the focal length (F).
Another characteristic of lenses is the ‘depth of field’ (see illustration). If a lens is focused on an object there will be a certain area of sharp focus in front of and behind the object. The depth of this area of sharp focus is controlled by three factors: the focal length of the lens, the distance from the lens to the object and the F stop.
Which Monitor? A control room operator may be required to view images on a bank of monitors for prolonged periods. As the effectiveness of the surveillance system is crucially dependent upon the degree to which the operator can remain alert and avoid fatigue, correct monitor selection is vital.
CCTV monitors may be free standing, suspended from a wall or ceiling, or rack mounted. Wall and ceiling mounts allow the monitor to be rotated and tilted for viewing from different angles.
T ransmission o f Video Signals A CCTV signal contains a wide range of frequencies from around 30 hertz to around 10 Megahertz. As a result special circuits are required to cope with the wide band-width if signal quality is to be maintained during transmission.
T wisted Pair An alternative to the use of coaxial cable is the ‘twisted pair cable’. A twisted pair cable is known as a ‘balanced’ cable and can be similar to telephone wires. Most of the same considerations apply to twisted pair as apply to the coaxial but there are some expectations.
These devices facilitate a flexible range of applica tions and are increasingly being manufactured to international standards H.320 & H.261 (ITU-T recommenda tion).
Video Switching and Multiplexing If a system consists of a single camera and monitor , then a switching device will not be required. It would not, of course, be practical or desirable in a multi-camera system to have a monitor for every camera.
Multiplex ers Multiplexers are a more functionally useful way of handling a multi-camera system. Like a switcher , several cameras (usually up to 16) can be connected to the multiplexer . A single field or frame from each camera is successively output via the multiplexer onto a video recording.
CCTV Sys tems Control While the majority of cameras are installed in a fixed position, in order for the operator to be able to follow an incident it can be very useful to have the facility to pan, tilt and zoom the camera.
Recor ding While a proportion of surveillance systems are continuously monitored, these are in the minority . The majority of systems are not actively monitored and, even when they are, in most cases, the images are still recorded.
archived to Digital Video (DV) tape. Resolution modes of up to 500 TV lines can be accessed which are simply not possible on conventional analogue VCRs.
Colour CCD Cameras SSC-DC50/54/58AP ExwaveHAD, half-inch, 470 TVL, 0.8Lux SSC-DC10/14/18P Third-inch, 470 TVL, 1.7Lux SSC-C104/8P Third-inch, 330 TVL, 1.2Lux SSC-CX34P Third-inch, 470 TVL, c/w 12x motorised zoom lens Monochrome CCD Cameras SSC-M370CE Half-inch, 570 TVL, 0.
Colour Video Monitors SSM-14N5E T rinitron,14-inch, 600 TVL, Y/C and audio SSM-20N5E T rinitron, 20-inch, 600 TVL, Y/C and audio SSM-9040P T rinitron, 9-inch, 250 TVL Monochrome Video Monitors SSM-930.
Time-Lapse Video Recorders SVT -124P 24-hour compact VHS SVT -1000P 72-hour VHS, RS-232C option SVT -L230P 72/96 hour VHS, ‘RealAction’, RS232C option SVT -5050P 960-hour VHS, RS232C option SVT -S.
Digital Surveillance Recorder HSR-1P DV-based, up to 6,480,000 image stora ge capacity , built-in 16 channel multiplexer Multiplex ers YS-SX210CE Mono, simplex, 10 channel YS-SX310P Colour , simplex, .
32 The Sony Guide to CCTV . Issue 3 Basic C CTV T erminology APC Adaptive Picture Control. VCR function which automatically detects the condition of the recording head and the video tape and then sets the optimum record head current to prevent over -modulation.
DEPTH OF FIELD The distance between the furthest and nearest points at the same level of definition within a certain view . DIGIT AL VIDEO A video storage media using 5:1 compression method. DWELL TIME Amount of time that a sequential switcher allows between the viewing of the different cameras connected to it.
MECHANICAL FOCUS Focusing of a camera lens or pick-up device by mechanical means. MONOCHROME Black and white picture comprising of a number of levels of grey scales. MUL TIPLEX Method of transmitting or recording many video signals at the same time. ND Neutral Density .
The Sony Guide to C CTV Issue 3 I am interested in the Sony range of CCTV equipment. Please contact me to discuss my requirements (tick box) The areas I am interested in: (tick box) Colour CCD Cameras.
Sony Broadcast & Professional UK FREEPOST OF1503 PO Box 21 Thame Oxon OX9 3ZY NO ST AMP REQUIRED.
The Sony Guide to C CTV Issue 3 Written by: Brian Kelly Edited by: Carey Green Designed by: Peter Courtley Sony Publications Manager: Jackie Cook.
Sony Broadcast & Professional UK A Division of Sony United Kingdom Limited The Heights Brooklands Weybridge Surrey KT13 0XW Sony , T rinitron, Mavica, HyperHAD, Smart Control, ExwaveHAD and T riple Multiplex are registered trademarks of the Sony Corporation, Japan.
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