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COVER Book Cover -------------------------------------------------------------------------- IBM SSA RAID Adapter for PC Servers Installation and User's Guide Document Number S32H-3816-00 Part Number 32H3816 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- SSA RAID Adapter Installation and User's Guide.
NOTICES Notices +--- Note! ----------------------------------------------------------+ ¦ ¦ ¦ Before using this information and the product it supports, be sure ¦ ¦ to read the general information under "Notices" in topic D.
EDITION Edition Notice First Edition (September 1996) The following paragraph does not apply to any country where such provisions are inconsistent with local law: THIS PUBLICATION IS PRINTED "AS .
CONTENTS Table of Contents COVER Book Cover NOTICES Notices EDITION Edition Notice CONTENTS Table of Contents FRONT_1 Safety Information PREFACE About This Book PREFACE.1 How This Book Is Organized. PREFACE.2 Related Publications 1.0 Chapter 1. Introducing the SSA RAID Adapter 1.
FRONT_1 Safety Information SSA RAID Adapter Installation and User's Guide. Safety Information _ Copyright IBM Corp. 1996 FRONT_1 - 1.
SSA RAID Adapter Installation and User's Guide. Safety Information _ Copyright IBM Corp. 1996 FRONT_1 - 2.
CAUTION: A lithium battery can cause fire, explosion, or a severe burn. Do not recharge, disassemble, heat above 100°C (212°F), solder directly to the cell, incinerate, or expose cell to water. Keep away from children. Replace only with the part number specified for your system.
PREFACE About This Book This book is intended for a network administrator-that is, the individual responsible for configuring, maintaining, managing, and troubleshooting a PC server. It includes information about installing and using the SSA RAID Adapter, discusses disk-array technology, and describes tasks associated with disk arrays.
PREFACE.1 How This Book Is Organized. Chapter 1, "Introducing the SSA RAID Adapter" in topic 1.0 describes the adapter, what is provided with it, and the environments in which it works. Chapter 2, "Installing an SSA RAID Adapter" in topic 2.
PREFACE.2 Related Publications Other manuals that you might find useful are: SSA RAID Adapter: Maintenance Information , S32H-3817 SSA RAID Adapter: Technical Reference , SA33-3269 SSA RAID Adapter Installation and User's Guide. Related Publications _ Copyright IBM Corp.
1.0 Chapter 1. Introducing the SSA RAID Adapter The IBM SSA RAID Adapter for PC Servers is a PCI bus-master adapter that serves as the interface between systems using the Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) architecture and devices using the Serial Storage Architecture (SSA).
1.1 SSA SSA is a high-performance serial-interconnect technology used to connect I/O devices and host adapters. SSA is an open standard, and SSA specifications have been approved by the SSA Industry Association and are in the process of being approved as an ANSI standard through the ANSI X3T10.
1.2 The Adapter Card The adapter provides 4 SSA ports for the attachment of storage devices such as hard disk drives. Each port operates at 20 MB/s full-duplex using point-to-point copper cables up to 25 meters long. On the adapter card, there is a light next to the pair of SSA connectors (port 1 and port 2) for each SSA loop.
1.3 RAID RAID (redundant array of independent disks) is the technology of grouping several hard disk drives into an array that is defined as a single logical disk drive. This grouping technique greatly increases logical-disk capacity and data availability.
1.4 Operating Systems The SSA RAID Adapter, its firmware, and the software supplied with it provide attachments of SSA devices to the following operating systems: OS/2 2.11 SMP, OS/2 WarpServer Version Novell NetWare 4.1, 4.1 SM Windows NT 3.
1.5 Before Installing the Adapter This book is intended for a network administrator-that is, the person responsible for configuring, maintaining, managing, and troubleshooting a PC server. The administrator should be familiar with RAID and hot-swapping technology.
1.6 Installation Requirements To install this option, you will need the following: The documentation that came with your serve A small flat-blade screwdriver SSA RAID Adapter Installation and User's Guide. Installation Requirements _ Copyright IBM Corp.
2.0 Chapter 2. Installing an SSA RAID Adapter To complete the installation, you must: 1. Install the adapter card 2. Connect the necessary SSA cables 3. Revise the system configuration information 4. Load an operating system, unless one is already loaded in the server 5.
2.1 Installing the Adapter Card Attention: Remove all power from your PC server and any attached devices before removing the cover. To install the adapter card, refer to the documentation that came with your PC server. The User's Handbook for your server describes how to install an adapter.
2.2 Connecting the Disk Drives Each of the 2 pairs of SSA ports can attach up to 48 dual-port devices in a closed loop. Only one SSA adapter can be included in a loop. "SSA Loops and Links" in topic C.1.1 provides a general description of SSA loops and some rules for cabling valid configurations.
2.3 Configuring the Disk Drives Turn power on to the server unit and to the devices. Your system automatically performs the PCI configuration tasks, which recognize the new adapter and devices during the boot process. SSA RAID Adapter Installation and User's Guide.
2.4 Installing an Operating System If an operating system is already loaded in your server, go to the next section, "Installing the Device Drivers and Utility Programs" in topic 2.5 . If you are installing an operating system on your new SSA RAID subsystem: 1.
2.5 Installing the Device Drivers and Utility Programs A README.TXT file on the SSA RAID Adapter diskette for your operating system provides detailed instructions on installing the device drivers. Unless you have just installed an operating system, you must configure your disk arrays before you can use them with your system.
2.6 Selecting Your Boot Device To boot from an SSA disk drive: during the boot process, if the message CBIOS disabled appears, press the tab key. After this action, whenever you boot your server, it will boot from the primary SSA disk drive and the message CBIOS enabled will appear.
3.0 Chapter 3. Configuring SSA Subsystems Before new SSA disk drives can be used by the operating system, you must configure them into the SSA subsystem. You use the configuration utility (which is provided on each of the diskettes supplied with the adapter) to do this.
3.1 Running the Configuration Utility To run the configuration utility, execute the following program: For OS/2: ISSACFG For Novell NetWare: load ISSACFG For Windows NT: ISSACFG For DOS: ISSACFG or, if it is available, double click on the SSA Configurator icon.
3.2 Accepting New Disk Drives To accept new disk drives into the SSA subsystem: 1. From the SSA Main Menu, select New Disks . 2. A window opens containing a list of all the disk drives not previously .
3.3 Creating an Array This section describes how to create an array from the free disk drives in the SSA subsystem. It is recommended that you define one or more hot spares (refer to "Defining a Hot Spare" in topic 5.1 for how to do this) before creating the first array on an adapter.
Select the type of array to be created. You can scroll the contents of the window by using the arrow keys. 4. A list of the arrays of this type already controlled by this adapter appears in a new wind.
¦ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ ¦ ¦ ¦CONFIG SSA Configurator and Service Aids Vyymmdd XX Version¦ ¦ ¦ +----------------------------------------------.
You can return to the Main Menu by repeatedly pressing Esc. The array created is in the free state. The next section describes how to attach the array to your system. SSA RAID Adapter Installation and User's Guide. Creating an Array _ Copyright IBM Corp.
3.4 Attaching Resources A resource is a disk drive that is to be accessed individually or an array of disk drives. Before attaching an array, ensure that it has finished the rebuilding process and that no problems occurred during this process.
¦ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ ¦ ¦ ¦CONFIG SSA Configurator and Service Aids Vyymmdd XX Version¦ ¦ ¦ +----------------------------------------------.
4.0 Chapter 4. Dealing with Disk-Array Problems This chapter: Provides general guidance on solving basic problems with your SSA subsyste Describes how to get detailed information about errors .
4.1 Basic Problems If the system cannot work with the adapter, check the following: Is CMOS setup required to enable PCI bus parameters Is the adapter installed in a bus-master PCI slot Ar.
4.2 Array Problems Many problems within an array are not seen by the users of the server. The RAID-1 and RAID-5 functions provide a continuing service to the users even when a member of an array has failed. However, unless the failure is corrected, a second failure within that array could cause the whole array to become unavailable.
4.3 Changing Failed Disk Drives If you have one of the SRNs in the list above, you can change the disk drive using the following procedure: 1. From the Main Menu, select SSA Adapter List , select the adapter, and then select Disk Service Aids .
D e f i n e t h e n e w d i s k d r i v e a s a n e w h o t s p a r e , u s i ng t h e p r o c e du r e d e sc r i b e d i n "Defining a Hot Spare" in topic 5.
5.0 Chapter 5. Performing Other Disk-Array Tasks This section describes some of the other uses of the SSA Configuration Utility. Other service-related tasks are described in the SSA RAID Adapter: Hardware Maintenance Manual Supplement .
5.1 Defining a Hot Spare To define a disk drive as a hot spare: 1. From the Main Menu screen, select SSA Adapter List . 2. The SSA Adapter List window opens: +-----------------------------------------.
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ ¦ ¦ ¦CONFIG SSA Configu.
5.2 Viewing the Physical Configuration From the SSA Main Menu, select SSA Adapter List and then Disk Service Aids . A window opens showing the physical arrangement of the SSA disk drives attached to t.
5.3 Viewing Resources and Their Attributes From the SSA Main Menu, select System Resources and then the resource you want to view. If you select an array, a window opens showing the attributes of the .
¦ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ ¦ ¦ ¦CONFIG SSA Configurator and Service Aids Vyymmdd XX Version¦ ¦ ¦ +----------------------------------------------.
5.4 Changing Array Attributes To change one or more of the attributes of an existing array: 1. From the SSA Main Menu, select SSA Adapter List 2. The SSA Adapter List window opens: +------------------.
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ ¦ ¦ ¦CONFIG SSA Configu.
5.5 Exchanging a Member of an Array To exchange a member of an array with another disk drive: 1. From the SSA Main Menu, select System Resources and then the array in which you want to exchange a member.
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ ¦ ¦ ¦CONFIG SSA Configurator and Service Aids Vyymmdd XX Version¦ ¦ ¦ +----------------------------------.
5.6 Deleting an Array Before deleting an array, delete any operating-system-partition definitions that affect the array. There are two steps to be performed if you want to delete the definition of an array from the system: 1. From the Main Menu, select System Resources .
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ ¦ ¦ ¦CONFIG SSA Configu.
6.0 Chapter 6. Getting the Latest Information For the latest device drivers, firmware, and utility programs, call the IBM PC Company Bulletin Board System at: +------------------------------------------------------------------------+ ¦ In the U.
A.0 Appendix A. Multiple-Adapter Installations The following limitations apply to servers with multiple SSA RAID Adapters: Up to two SSA RAID Adapters can be installed in a member of the PC Server 720 family of servers. Only 1 SSA RAID Adapter can be installed in other PC servers.
B.0 Appendix B. SSA RAID Adapter Service Request Numbers "Array Problems" in topic 4.2 describes how errors are reported and logged for the adapter and the disk drives attached to it. These reports and logs contain service request numbers (SRNs) which lead to detailed descriptions of the problems.
¦ ¦ failed. ¦ ¦ +---------+-------------------------------+------------------------------¦ ¦ 41064 ¦ A 64 MB DRAM module in ¦ Call for service or exchange ¦ ¦ ¦ adapter card slot 1 has ¦ the DRAM for a new one.
¦ 47500 ¦ Part of the RAID array data ¦ Call for service ¦ ¦ ¦ might have been lost. ¦ ¦ +---------+-------------------------------+------------------------------¦ ¦ 48000 ¦ The SSA adapter has detected ¦ Go to "SSA Loop ¦ ¦ ¦ a loop configuration that is ¦ Configurations that Are Not ¦ ¦ ¦ not valid.
¦ ¦ ¦ service ¦ +---------+-------------------------------+------------------------------¦ ¦ 50007 ¦ The IOCC detected an internal ¦ Exchange the adapter card ¦ ¦ ¦ error.
B.1 SSA Loop Configurations that Are Not Valid Note: This section is related to SRN 48000. SRN 48000 shows that the SSA loop contains more devices or adapters than are allowed. Each of the 2 pairs of SSA ports on a SSA RAID Adapter can attach up to 48 devices in a closed loop.
C.0 Appendix C. Introducing SSA and RAID This chapter describes: Serial storage architecture (SSA The RAID functions that are provided by the SSA RAID Adapter Subtopics C.1 Serial Storage Architecture (SSA) C.2 RAID Functions SSA RAID Adapter Installation and User's Guide.
C.1 Serial Storage Architecture (SSA) Serial Storage Architecture (SSA) is an industry-standard interface that provides high-performance fault-tolerant attachment of I/O storage devices.
C.1.1 SSA Loops and Links In the simplest SSA configuration, SSA devices are connected through two or more SSA links to an SSA adapter that is located in the system unit.
C.1.1.1 Loops and Data Paths All devices that are attached to an SSA adapter card 1 are connected through SSA links 2 . The SSA links are configured in loops. Data and commands to a particular device pass through all other devices on the link between the adapter and the target device.
If two or more disk drives are turned off, fail, or are removed from the loop, some disk drives might become isolated from the SSA adapter. In the diagram, disk drives 3 and 7 have been removed. Disk drives 1 and 2 can communicate with the system only through connector A1 of the SSA adapter.
SSA RAID Adapter Installation and User's Guide. Loops and Data Paths _ Copyright IBM Corp. 1996 C.1.1.1 - 3.
C.1.2 Rules for SSA Loops For SSA loops that include the SSA RAID Adapter, the following rules apply: Each SSA loop must be connected to a valid pair of connectors on the SSA adapter (that is, either connectors A1 and A2, or connectors B1 and B2).
C.2 RAID Functions Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) technology gives you: Larger disk capacit Immediate availability and, depending on the RAID level, recovery of dat Redundancy of data at a level that you can choose RAID technology stores data across groups of disk drives that are known as disk arrays .
C.2.1 RAID-0 RAID-0 is also known as striping, it does not provide redundancy and, therefore, cannot survive the failure of a member. It does provide a single large data space with the operations spread evenly across members.
C.2.2 RAID-1 RAID-1 is also known as mirroring or dual copy. It provides redundancy with better performance than a single disk, but requires real disk capacity of two times the data size. A RAID-1 array has two disk drive members. If the members have different capacities, the resulting RAID-1 array has the capacity of the smaller member.
C.2.3 RAID-5 RAID-5 arrays write strips of data across all but one member of the array. Parity for the other strips is written on the last member. The members of the array are used in rotation for the parity data. RAID-5 arrays offer data protection , good throughput, and require fewer disks than RAID-1.
C.2.4 Hot Spares A hot-spare disk drive is a disk drive that is defined for automatic use if a disk drive within an array fails. The hot-spare must have a storage capacity greater than or equal to that of the smallest member of an array. You can define as many hot spares as you want.
C.2.5 Disk Array States A disk array can be in one of several states. Those states are described here. Subtopics C.2.5.1 Good State C.2.5.2 Exposed State C.2.5.3 Degraded State C.2.5.4 Rebuilding State C.2.5.5 Offline State SSA RAID Adapter Installation and User's Guide.
C.2.5.1 Good State A disk array is in the Good state when all the member disk drives of that disk array are present and functioning correctly. SSA RAID Adapter Installation and User's Guide.
C.2.5.2 Exposed State A disk array enters the Exposed state when a member disk drive becomes missing (logically or physically) from that array. When a disk array is in the Exposed state, you can reintroduce the missing disk drive, or exchange it for a new one.
C.2.5.3 Degraded State A disk array enters the Degraded state if, while in the Exposed state, it receives a write command. If a hot spare disk drive is enabled and available, when the first write comm.
C.2.5.4 Rebuilding State A disk array enters Rebuilding state after a missing disk has been replaced. When the disk array is in this state, all the member disk drives are present, but the data and parity are being rebuilt on the replaced disk drive.
C.2.5.5 Offline State A disk array enters Offline state when two or more disk drives become missing. Read and write operations are not allowed. SSA RAID Adapter Installation and User's Guide.
D.0 Appendix D. Product Warranty and Notices International Business Machines Corporation Armonk, New York, 10504 Subtopics D.1 Statement of Limited Warranty D.2 Notices D.3 Trademarks D.4 Communications Statements SSA RAID Adapter Installation and User's Guide.
D.1 Statement of Limited Warranty The warranties provided by IBM in this Statement of Limited Warranty apply only to Machines you originally purchase for your use, and not for resale, from IBM or an IBM authorized reseller.
D.1.1 Production Status Each Machine is manufactured from new parts, or new and serviceable used parts (which perform like new parts). In some cases, the Machine may not be new and may have been previously installed. Regardless of the Machine's production status, IBM's warranty terms apply.
D.1.2 The IBM Warranty IBM warrants that each Machine 1) is free from defects in materials and workmanship and 2) conforms to IBM's Official Published Specifications. IBM calculates the expiration of the warranty period from the Machine's Date of Installation.
D.1.3 Warranty Service To obtain warranty service for the Machine, you should contact your reseller or call IBM. In the United States, call IBM at 1-800-772-2227 . In Canada, call IBM at 1-800-565-3344 . You may be required to present proof of purchase.
D.1.4 Extent of Warranty IBM does not warrant uninterrupted or error-free operation of a Machine. Misuse, accident, modification, unsuitable physical or operating environment, improper maintenance by you, or failure caused by a product for which IBM is not responsible may void the warranties.
D.1.5 Limitation of Liability Circumstances may arise where, because of a default on IBM's part (including fundamental breach) or other liability (including negligence and misrepresentation), you are entitled to recover damages from IBM.
D.2 Notices References in this book to IBM products, programs, or services do not imply that IBM intends to make these available in all countries in which IBM operates. Any reference to an IBM product, program, or service is not intended to state or imply that only that IBM product, program, or service may be used.
D.3 Trademarks The following terms are trademarks of IBM Corporation in the United States or other countries or both: IBM OS/2 NetWare is a trademark of Novell, Incorporated. Microsoft and Windows are trademarks or registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
D.4 Communications Statements The following statements apply to this product. The statements for other products intended for use with this product appear in their accompanying manuals. Subtopics D.4.1 Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Statement D.
D.4.1 Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Statement Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.
D.4.2 VCCI Statement The following is a summary of the VCCI Japanese statement in the box above. +------------------------------------------------------------------------+ ¦ This equipment is Type 1 Data Processing Equipment and is intended for ¦ ¦ use in commercial and industrial areas.
D.4.3 International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Statement This product has been designed and built to comply with (IEC) Standard 950. SSA RAID Adapter Installation and User's Guide. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Statement _ Copyright IBM Corp.
D.4.4 Avis de conformité aux normes de l'Industrie Canada Cet appareil numérique de la classe A respecte toutes les exigences du Règlement sur le matériel brouilleur du Canada. SSA RAID Adapter Installation and User's Guide. Avis de conformité aux normes de l'Industrie Canada _ Copyright IBM Corp.
D.4.5 Industry Canada Compliance Statement This Class A digital apparatus meets the requirements of the Canadian Interference-Causing Equipment Regulations. SSA RAID Adapter Installation and User's Guide. Industry Canada Compliance Statement _ Copyright IBM Corp.
D.4.6 United Kingdom Telecommunications Requirements This apparatus is manufactured to the International Safety Standard EN60950 and as such is approved in the U.K. under approval number NS/G/1234/J/100003 for indirect connection to public telecommunications systems in the United Kingdom.
D.4.7 EC Council Directive This product is in conformity with the requirements of the following EC directives: Council Directive 73/23/EEC on the harmonization of the laws of the Member States relating to electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage limits.
D.4.8 Radio Protection for Germany Dieses Gerät ist berechtigt in Übereinstimmung mit dem deutschen EMVG vom 9.Nov. das EG-Konformitätszeichen zu führen. Der Aussteller der Konformitätserklärung ist die IBM Germany. Dieses Gerät erfüllt die Bedingungen der EN 55022 Klasse A.
A access failure checks 4.1 adapter card description 1.2 installing 2.1 lights 1.2 array attaching 3.4 attributes changing 5.4 viewing 5.3 configuring 3.0 creation 3.3 deleting 5.6 exchanging a member 5.5 array problems 4.2 array states degraded C.2.5.
I information, latest 6.0 information, more 6.0 installing adapter card 2.1 device drivers 2.5 operating systems 2.4 utility programs 2.5 L labels, unique ID 1.2 lights, adapter card 1.2 loops and data paths C.1.1.1 M member attributes, viewing 5.3 exchanging 5.
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