Benutzeranleitung / Produktwartung E8247C PSG CW des Produzenten Agilent Technologies
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User’ s Guide Agilent T echnologies PSG Signal Generators This gu ide applie s to the follow ing signal g enerato r models: E8267C PS G V e ctor Signa l Generat or E8257C PSG Analog Sign al Generato.
ii Notice The material contained in this document is provided “as is”, and is subject to bein g changed, wi thout no tice, in future editions. Further , to the ma ximum extent pe rmitted by ap pli.
Contents iii 1. Signal Generator Overv ie w . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Signal Generator Models an d Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents iv 30. Display Con trast Incre ase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 31. Local . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents v 22. Q OUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 23. Q-bar OUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents vi 4. Analog Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Analog Modulation W aveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents vii Editing a W aveform Sequ ence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 0 2 Storing and Loading W aveform Segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents viii T o Set the ARB Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 7. Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents ix T o V iew a T w o-T one W aveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 82 T o Minimize Carrier Feedthrough. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents x.
1 1 Signal Generator Overview In the following sections, this ch apt e r descr ib es the models, o ptions, and features available f or Agilent PSG signal gener ators. The mod es of operation, fr ont panel user interface, a s well as front and rear panel connectors are als o described.
2 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Signal Gen erator Mode ls and Feat ures Signal Generator Models and Feature s Ta b l e 1 - 1 lists th e avail abl e P SG sig nal generat or m odel s alon g w it h thei r o utpu t si gn al t ypes and fre quency range.
Chapter 1 3 Signal Ge nerator Overvi ew Signal Generator Mode ls and Featur es E8257C PSG Analog Signal Generator Features An E8257C PSG analog signal generat or provi des all the functionality of an .
4 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Options E8267C PSG V ector Signal Generator Features An E8267C PSG vector signal generator p rov ides all the fu ncti onality of an E8257C PSG analog signal gener.
Chapter 1 5 Signal Ge nerator Overvi ew Modes of O pera tion Modes of Oper ation All PSG si gnal gener ator models can be used i n CW mod e: • CW mode produces a single carrier si gnal. — If yo u have an E824 7C PSG CW signal ge nerator , you can p roduce a CW s ingle carri er sign al without modulatio n .
6 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Fron t Pan el Front Panel Figure 1- 1 shows the E8267C PSG vector signal genera tor f ron t pane l with a list of items called out that enable yo u to define, monitor , and manage inpu t and out put character istics.
Chapter 1 7 Signal Ge nerator Overvi ew Front P anel 1. Display The LCD screen pr ovides inform ation on the curren t fu nction. Information can in clude status indicators, frequency an d amplitude settings, an d error messages . So ftkeys labels are located on the right-hand si de of the display .
8 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Fron t Pan el 8. T rig ger Initiates an immediate trigg er event for a function such as a list, step, or ramp sweep (Option 007 only). Before this hardkey can be used to init iate a trigger event, the trigger mode must be set to Tr i g g e r K e y .
Chapter 1 9 Signal Ge nerator Overvi ew Front P anel 12. EXT 2 INPUT This female BNC input connector (E8257C and E8267 C only) accepts a ± 1V p signal for AM, FM, and Φ M.
10 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Fron t Pan el 18. RF OUTP UT This connect or is t he output f or RF and microwave sig nals. The n ominal out put imped ance is 50 Ω. The reverse-po wer damage l evels are 0 V dc, 0.5 watts nominal. On signal gen erators wi th Option 1 EM, this output is relocated to a rear panel fem ale BNC connector .
Chapter 1 11 Signal Ge nerator Overvi ew Front P anel 10V p . The nominal input impedan ce is 50 Ω . O n signal generators with Option 1EM, this input is r elocated to the rear panel.
12 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Fron t Pan el 33. I/Q INPUTS These female BNC inp ut connectors (E826 7C only) accept a n externally supplied, analog, I/Q modulation; the in-ph ase comp onent is sup plied thr ough the I INPUT ; the quadratur e-phase component is suppl ied through the Q INPUT .
Chapter 1 13 Signal Ge nerator Overvi ew Fro nt Pane l Dis play Front Panel Display Figure 1- 2 shows t he front pan el display . The LCD screen dis plays data f ields, ann otations, ke y press resul ts, softkey labels, er ror messages, an d annunciators that represent var ious active s ignal generato r functions .
14 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Front Panel Di splay 3. Annunciators The displ ay annunci ators show t he status of some of t he sign al generator f unctions and indicat e any error conditions. An annunciator position may be used by more than one function.
Chapter 1 15 Signal Ge nerator Overvi ew Fro nt Pane l Dis play MOD ON/OFF This annun ciator (E825 7C and E8267C onl y) which is always p resent on the display , indicates whethe r active modulation fo rmats have been enabled or disabl ed with the Mod On /Off hardkey .
16 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Front Panel Di splay UNLOCK This annunciator ap pears when any of th e phase locked loops are unab le to maintain phase lock.
Chapter 1 17 Signal Ge nerator Overvi ew Rear Pane l Rear Panel The signal generator rear panel ( Figu re 1 -3 ) provides input, ou tput, and remote in terface connections.
18 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel 1. AC Powe r Receptac le The ac line voltage is connected here. The power cord receptacle accepts a three-pro nged power cable that is shipped with the signal g enerator . 2. GPIB This GPIB interface allows listen and talk cap ability with compatible IEEE 488 .
Chapter 1 19 Signal Ge nerator Overvi ew Rear Pane l 5. S TOP SWE EP IN /OUT This female BNC con nector (Option 007 only) prov id es an open-collector , TTL- compatible input/output signal th at is used during r amp sweep operatio n. It pro vides low le vel (nom inally 0V) output du ring sweep retrace and b and-cross intervals.
20 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel 11. EVEN T 1 This fe male BNC con nector (E82 67C only) i s used wit h an intern al baseban d generator (Option 002 /602); on signal generato rs witho ut Option 002/60 2, this fem ale BNC connector is non-funct ional.
Chapter 1 21 Signal Ge nerator Overvi ew Rear Pane l 15. AUXIL IARY I /O This fe male 37-pin connector ( E8267C onl y) is act ive only on instrumen ts with an internal baseband generator (Option 002/60 2); on si gnal generato rs witho u t Option 002/60 2, this co nnector is non-funct ional.
22 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel 16. Digital Bus This is a propri etary bus used for Ag ilent Base band S tudio pr oducts, which requi re an E8267 C with Opt ion 602. Thi s connector is not op erational f or general purp ose customer use.
Chapter 1 23 Signal Ge nerator Overvi ew Rear Pane l 21. I-bar OUT This femal e BNC con nector (E8267C only) can be used with an internal b aseband generator (O ption 002/60 2) to out put the comp lem.
24 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel 25. SMI (S OURCE MODULE INTE RF A CE) This interface is used to connect to compatible Agilent T echno logies 83550 Ser ies mm-wave source modules. 26. 10 MHz OUT This femal e BNC con nector outpu ts a nomin al signal l evel of > + 4 dBm and has an output impedance o f 50 Ω .
25 2 Basic Operation In the following sections, this chap ter describes operations commo n to all Ag ilent PSG signal generators: • “Using T able Editors” on page 26 • “Confi guring a Contin.
26 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Usin g T able Ed itors Using T able Editors T able editors simplify configur ation tasks, such as creating a list sweep. This section p rovides information to familiarize you with basic table editor functionality using th e List Mode V alues table editor as an example.
Chapter 2 27 Basic Operation Usin g T able Edito r s T able Editor S oftkeys The following table ed itor softkeys are used to load, navigate, mo dify , and store tabl e item values.
28 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configur ing the RF Output Configuring the RF Output This secti on provi des informati on on how t o create con tinuous wave and sw ept RF (on page 31 ) ou tp ut s. It also has i nformat ion on using a mm-W ave source module to extend the s ignal genera tor’ s frequ ency rang e (see page 47 ).
Chapter 2 29 Basic Operation Configuri ng the RF O utput 6. Press the up arrow key . Each press of the up arrow key increases the fre quency by the increment value last set with the Incr Se t hardkey . The increment value is displayed in the active entry area.
30 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configur ing the RF Output Setting th e RF Outpu t Amplit ude 1. Preset the s ignal generator: Press Preset . The AMP LITUDE area of the disp lay shows the minimum power l evel of the signal generator . This is the normal preset RF output am plitude.
Chapter 2 31 Basic Operation Configuri ng the RF O utput Configuring a Swept RF Output A PSG signal generator has up to three sweep types: step sweep, list sweep, and ramp s weep (Option 007). NOTE List sweep data cannot be sav ed within an instru ment state, but can be s aved to the me mo ry catalog.
32 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configur ing the RF Output Using Step Sweep Step sweep pro vides a linear progre ssion throu gh the st art-to-s top frequ ency and/o r amplitude val ues.
Chapter 2 33 Basic Operation Configuri ng the RF O utput 11 . P r e s s Re turn > Sweep > Fre q & Amp l . This sets the step sweep t o sweep both f requency and amplit ude data. Sel ecting this s oftkey retu rns you to the pr evious menu an d turns on the sweep f unction .
34 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configur ing the RF Output Using List Sweep List sweep enables you to create a list of arbitrar y frequency , amplitude, and dwell time values and sweep the RF output b ased on the entr ies in the List Mode V alues table.
Chapter 2 35 Basic Operation Configuri ng the RF O utput T o Edit Lis t Sweep P oint s 1. Press Return > Sw eep > Off . T urning the sweep off allows you to edit the list sweep points without genera tin g errors.
36 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configur ing the RF Output T o Configure a Single List Swee p 1. Press Return > Sw eep > Fre q & A m pl This turns the sweep on again. No errors should occur if all parameters for every point h ave been defined in the previou s editing process.
Chapter 2 37 Basic Operation Configuri ng the RF O utput Using Ramp Sweep (Optio n 007) Ramp sweep p rovides a l inear prog ression thr ough the st art-to-st op frequen cy and/or amplitude values. Ramp sweep is mu ch faster than s t ep or list s weep, and is designe d to work wi th an 8757D scalar n etwork analyzer .
38 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configur ing the RF Output Configur ing a Frequency Sweep 1. S et up t he equipment as show n in Figu re 2- 2 . NOTE The PSG signal genera tor is not compatib le w ith the GPIB system interface of an 8 757A, 8757C, o r 8757E.
Chapter 2 39 Basic Operation Configuri ng the RF O utput 6. Preset either in strument. Presetting one of the instr umen ts should automat ically pr eset t he ot her a s well . If bo th in stru ment s do not preset, check the GPIB connection, GPIB addresse s, and ensure the 8 757D is set to system interface mode ( SYSI NTF se t to ON) .
40 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configur ing the RF Output Figure 2-3 Bandpass Filter Response on 8757D Using Markers 1. Press Markers . This opens a table editor and associated mar ker contro l soft keys. Y ou can use up to 1 0 dif ferent markers, labeled 0 throu gh 9.
Chapter 2 41 Basic Operation Configuri ng the RF O utput 4. Mo ve the cursor back to mark er 0 and press Delt a R ef Se t > Mark er Delta Off On to On. In the table editor , notice that th e frequency v alues for each m arker are now relative to mark er 0.
42 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configur ing the RF Output Figure 2-5 Delta Mark ers on 8757 D 6. Press T urn Off Markers . All active markers turn off. Refer to the Key Refer ence for info rmation on other marker soft key functions. Adjusting Sweep Time 1.
Chapter 2 43 Basic Operation Configuri ng the RF O utput 3. Press Sweep Time to Manual > 5 > sec . In auto mode, the sweep time automatically sets to the fastest allo wable value. In manual mode, you can select any sweep time slower than the fastest allo wable.
44 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configur ing the RF Output Figure 2-6 Alternati ng Sweep s on 8757 D Configur ing an Ampli tu de Sweep 1. Press Return > Sw eep > Off . This turns off both the current sw eep and the alternate sweep fr om the previous task.
Chapter 2 45 Basic Operation Configuri ng the RF O utput Configu ring a Ramp Sw eep for a Mast er/Slav e Se tup This proced ure shows y ou how to configur e two PSGs and an 875 7D to work i n a master/ slave setu p. 1. S et up t he equipment as show n in Figu re 2- 7 .
46 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configur ing the RF Output Figure 2-8 RS-232 Pin Con figur ation 2. Set up the slave PSG’ s frequency and power settings. By sett ing up the slave firs t, you avo id synchron ization p roblems. 3. S et up the mas ter PSG’ s frequency , po wer , and s weep time settings.
Chapter 2 47 Basic Operation Configuri ng the RF O utput Extending the Frequency Range with a mm- Wave Sourc e Module The RF output frequency of the signal generator can be multiplied using an Agilent 83550 Series millimeter-wave source module.
48 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configur ing the RF Output Figure 2-9 Setup for E8247C PSG and E8257 C PSG without Op tion 1EA Setting th e Signal Ge nerator 1.
Chapter 2 49 Basic Operation Configuri ng the RF O utput Figure 2-10 Setup f or E8267C P SG or E82 47C PS G and E8257C PSG wi th Option 1 EA The MMMOD indicator in the FRE QUENC Y area and the MM indicator in the AMP LITUDE area of th e signal generator’ s display indicate tha t the mm-wave sour ce module is active.
50 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Modulating a Si gnal Modulating a Sign al This secti on descri bes how to turn on a modulation format, and how to app ly it to t he RF ou tput. T urning On a Modulation Format A modulation format can be turned on prior to o r after settin g the signal parameters.
Chapter 2 51 Basic Operation Modulat ing a Signa l Applying a Modulation Format to t he RF Output The carrier signal is modulated when the Mod On/Off key is set to On , and an indi vidual modulat ion f ormat is active. When the Mod On /Off key is set to Off, the MOD OFF annunci at or ap pears on t h e di sp la y .
52 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Using Da ta Storage F unctions Using Data Storage Func tions This section explain s how to use th e two forms o f si gnal generator data storage: the m emory catalog and the instrume nt stat e register.
Chapter 2 53 Basic Operation Using Data Stor age Functions Stor ing Fi les to t he Me mory Cat alog T o store a file to the memo ry catalog, first create a f ile. For this example, use the default list sweep table. 1. Press Pres et . 2. Press Sweep /List > C onfigur e Lis t Sw eep > More (1 of 2) > Load/Store .
54 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Using Da ta Storage F unctions Using t he Instrum ent State Register The instrum ent s tate reg ister is a s ection o f m emory divided into 10 seq uences (nu mbered 0 through 9) each containi ng 100 reg isters (n umbered 00 t hrough 9 9).
Chapter 2 55 Basic Operation Using Data Stor age Functions Recall ing an I nstru ment S tate Using th is procedure, you wi ll learn how to recall in strument s ettings s aved to an i nstrument state regis ter . 1. Press Pres et . 2. Press the Recall hardkey .
56 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Using Da ta Storage F unctions Deleting All Registers withi n a Sequence 1. Press Pres et . 2. Press the Recall or Save har dkey . Notice that the Sel ect Seq s oftkey show s the last sequence that y ou used. 3. Press Select Seq and enter the sequence nu mber containi n g the regis ters you want to d elete.
Chapter 2 57 Basic Operation Enabling Options Enabling Option s Y ou can retrofit your signal generator after purchase to add new capabilities. Some n ew optional features are implemented in hardware that you must in stall. Some options are implemen ted in software, but require the presence of op tional hardware in the inst rument.
58 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Enabling Op tions 4. Enable the software option: a. Highlig ht the d esired op tion. b. Press Modify Lice nse Key , and enter the 12-character license key (fro m the license key certificate).
59 3 Optimi zing Perf or manc e In the follo wing sections, this chapter describes p roced ures that impro ve the perf ormance of th e Agilent PSG signal gener ator .
60 Chapter 3 Optimizing Performanc e Using Exter nal Leve ling Using External Lev eling The PSG signal generato r can be exte rnally levele d by connecting an external sensor at th e point where leveled RF output p ower is des ired.
Chapter 3 61 Optimizing Performan ce Using External L eveling Configur e the Sign al Generat or 1. Press Pres et . 2. Press Freq uency > 10 > GHz . 3. Press Ampli tud e > 0 > dBm . 4. Press RF On/Off . 5. Press Leveling M ode > Ext Detector .
62 Chapter 3 Optimizing Performanc e Using Exter nal Leve ling Dete rmin in g the Leve le d O utp u t Pow er Figure 3- 3 shows the input p ower vers us output voltage ch aracteristics for typical Agilent T echnologies diode detectors.
Chapter 3 63 Optimizing Performan ce Using External L eveling External Leveling wi th Opti on 1E1 Signal Genera tors Signal generators with Option 1E1 contai n a step attenuator prior to the RF out put connect or .
64 Chapter 3 Optimizing Performanc e Creatin g and Apply ing User Flat ne ss Correct ion Creating and Apply ing User Flatness Correction User flatness correction allows th e digital adjustment of RF outp ut amplitude for up to 1601 frequency points in any fr equency o r sweep mo de.
Chapter 3 65 Optimizing Performan ce Creating an d Applying U ser Fl atness Correc tion Configur e the Powe r Meter 1. Select SCPI as the remote language for the power meter . 2. Zero and calibrate the power sensor to the power meter . 3. En ter the appropriate power se nsor calibration factors into the po wer meter as appro priate.
66 Chapter 3 Optimizing Performanc e Creatin g and Apply ing User Flat ne ss Correct ion Configur e the Sign al Generat or 1. Press Pres et . 2. Conf igure the s ignal generator to interface with the power meter .
Chapter 3 67 Optimizing Performan ce Creating an d Applying U ser Fl atness Correc tion Perform the User Flat ness Correct ion NOTE If you are n ot usi ng an Agi le nt E 4416A/ 17A/ 18 B/19 B p ow er m e ter , or if your power meter does not have a GPIB interface, yo u can perfor m the user flatnes s correction manually .
68 Chapter 3 Optimizing Performanc e Creatin g and Apply ing User Flat ne ss Correct ion Sav e th e U ser Fl atnes s Co r rect i on D ata t o the M emor y Cat alog This process allows you to save the us er flatness corr ection data as in the signal gen erator ’ s memor y catalog.
Chapter 3 69 Optimizing Performan ce Creating an d Applying U ser Fl atness Correc tion Returni ng the Signal Generator to GPIB List ener Mode During the us er flatness cor rection process, the p ower me ter is slaved to th e signal generator via GPIB, and no other controllers are allowed on the GPIB interface.
70 Chapter 3 Optimizing Performanc e Creatin g and Apply ing User Flat ne ss Correct ion Requi red Eq ui pmen t • Agilent 83554 A millimeter-wave source module • Agilen t E441 6A /17A / 1 8B/1 9B .
Chapter 3 71 Optimizing Performan ce Creating an d Applying U ser Fl atness Correc tion Connect the Equipm en t CAUTION T o prev ent damage to the s ignal generator , tu rn o ff the line power to the s ignal gener ator before conn ecting the source module interf ace cable to th e rear panel SOURCE MODULE interface connector .
72 Chapter 3 Optimizing Performanc e Creatin g and Apply ing User Flat ne ss Correct ion Figure 3-6 User Flatn ess with mm - W ave Source Mod ule and Op tion 1EA S ignal Generat or NOTE T o ensure ade.
Chapter 3 73 Optimizing Performan ce Creating an d Applying U ser Fl atness Correc tion 2. C onfigure the s ignal generator to inter face with the power meter . a. Press Ampli tud e > More (1 of 2 ) > User Flatness > More (1 of 2) > Pow er Meter > E4416A , E4417A , E4418B , or E4419B .
74 Chapter 3 Optimizing Performanc e Creatin g and Apply ing User Flat ne ss Correct ion 2. W hen prom pt ed, pres s Don e . This loads the amplitude correction values into the user flatness cor rection array .
Chapter 3 75 Optimizing Performan ce Creating an d Applying U ser Fl atness Correc tion Sav e th e U ser Fl atnes s Co r rec tion D ata t o the M emo r y Cat alog This process allows y ou to save the user flatness corr ect ion data as a file in the signal generator ’ s memory catalog.
76 Chapter 3 Optimizing Performanc e Adjustin g Referenc e Oscill ator Bandwidt h (Option UNR) Adjusting Reference Oscillator Bandwidth (Option UNR) The reference oscillator bandwidth (som etim es r e.
77 4 Analog Modulation In the following sections, this chap ter descr ib e s th e analog modulation capability in Agilent E8257C P SG Analog an d E8267C PSG V ector Signal Gener ators.
78 Chapter 4 Analog Mo dulati on Analog Modulati on W aveforms Analog Modulation W aveforms The signal generator can modulate the RF car ri er with fo ur types of analog modulati on: • amplitude, • freque ncy , •p h a s e , a n d •p u l s e .
Chapter 4 79 Analog Modulat ion Conf igurin g AM Configuring AM In this example, you will learn how to generate an amplitude-modul ated RF carrier . T o Set the Carrier Frequency 1. Press Pres et . 2. Press Freq uency > 1340 > kHz . T o Set the RF Output Amplitude Press Amplitud e > 0 > dBm .
80 Chapter 4 Analog Mo dulati on Config urin g FM Configuring FM In this example, you will learn how to create a frequency-modulated RF carrier . T o Set the RF Output Frequency 1. Press Pres et . 2. Press Freq uency > 1 > GHz . T o Set the RF Output Amplitude Press Amplitud e > 0 > dBm.
Chapter 4 81 Analog Modulat ion Configuring Φ M Configuring Φ M In this example, you will learn how to create a phase-modulated RF carrier . T o Set the RF Output Frequency 1. Press Pres et . 2. Press Freq uency > 3 > GHz . T o Set the RF Output Amplitude Press Amplitud e > 0 > dBm .
82 Chapter 4 Analog Mo dulati on Config urin g Pulse M odulati on Configuring Pulse M odulation In this example, you will learn how to create a pulse-modulated RF carrier . T o Set the RF Output Frequency 1. Press Pres et . 2. Press Freq uency > 2 > GHz .
Chapter 4 83 Analog Modulat ion Conf i gur i ng t he LF Outp ut Configuring the LF Output The sig nal generator has a low f requency (LF ) output ( described on page 9 ). The LF ou tput’ s source can be switched between Internal 1 Monitor , In ternal 2 Mon itor , Func tion G enera tor 1 , or Functio n Generator 2 .
84 Chapter 4 Analog Mo dulati on Configur ing the L F Output T o Configure the LF Output wi th an Internal Modulation Source In this example, the internal FM modulation is th e LF output sou rce. NOTE Internal modulation ( Inter nal Moni tor ) is the default LF output source.
Chapter 4 85 Analog Modulat ion Conf i gur i ng t he LF Outp ut T o Configure the LF Output wi th a Function Generator Source In this example, the function generator is the LF output sou rce. Configur ing the F unction Ge nerator as th e LF Outp ut Source 1.
86 Chapter 4 Analog Mo dulati on Configur ing the L F Output.
87 5 Dual Arbitr ar y W aveform Generator In the following sections, this ch apter describes the Du al Arb mode, which is available only in E82 67C PSG vector signal gener ators wi th Option 002/602 :.
88 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary W aveform Generator Arbitrary (ARB) W aveform File Headers Arbitrary ( ARB) W aveform File Header s An ARB wavef orm file header enables you to save instrum ent setup informati on (key format settin gs) along with a wave fo rm .
Chapter 5 89 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Arbitrary (ARB) W aveform File Headers Creating a File Header for a Modulation Form at W ave form When you turn on a modulati on format, the PSG gener ates a temporary wa veform fi le (AUTOGEN_W A VEFORM ), with a default file header .
90 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary W aveform Generator Arbitrary (ARB) W aveform File Headers Modifying Header Information in a M odulation Format This procedure b uilds on the p revious procedure, explaining the dif ferent areas of a file header , and showing how to access, mo dify , and save changes to th e information.
Chapter 5 91 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Arbitrary (ARB) W aveform File Headers 2. Save the information in the Current Inst . Settings column to the file header: Press Save Setup T o Heade r . The same set tings are now displayed in b oth the Save d Header Settings co lumn and the Curre nt Inst.
92 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary W aveform Generator Arbitrary (ARB) W aveform File Headers 3. Return to the ARB Setup men u: Press Return . This menu lets you change the current instr u ment settings. Figur e 5-3 show s the ARB Setup s oftk ey menu and t he soft key paths us ed in step s four through nine.
Chapter 5 93 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Arbitrary (ARB) W aveform File Headers Figu re 5-3 ARB Se tup So ft key M enu an d M ark er Utilit ies Dual ARB P layer softkey (it does not appear in th.
94 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary W aveform Generator Arbitrary (ARB) W aveform File Headers Figure 5-4 Differin g V alues between Header and Curre nt Settin g Columns Figure 5-5 Saved File Head er Changes .
Chapter 5 95 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Arbitrary (ARB) W aveform File Headers Storing Header Information for a D u al ARB Player W aveform Sequence When you create a wav eform s equence (d esc.
96 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary W aveform Generator Arbitrary (ARB) W aveform File Headers V iewing Header Information wit h the Dual ARB Player Off One of the dif ferences between a modulatio n format an d the dual ARB player is th at even when the dual ARB player is of f, yo u can view a file header .
Chapter 5 97 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Arbitrary (ARB) W aveform File Headers V iewing Header Information for a Differen t Waveform File While a waveform is p laying in the dual ARB player , y.
98 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary W aveform Generator Arbitrary (ARB) W aveform File Headers Playing a W aveform File that Contains a Header After a waveform f ile (AUTOGEN_W A VEFORM) is generated in a modulation fo rmat and the format is turned of f, the file beco mes accessible to and can be play ed back in only the d ual ARB player .
Chapter 5 99 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using the Dual AR B W a veform Pl ayer Using the D ual ARB W aveform Play er The dual arbitrar y (ARB) wavefor m player is used to edit and play wav eform files. There are two types of waveform files: s egments (WF M1) and se quences (SEQ ).
100 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary W aveform Generator Using the Dual ARB W ave form Playe r Creating W aveform Segments There are two ways to provide waveform segments for us e by the waveform sequencer . Y ou can either download a wavef orm via rem ote interfa ce or gener ate a waveform u sing one of the ARB modul ation formats.
Chapter 5 101 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using the Dual AR B W a veform Pl ayer Generat ing the Second W aveform Use the f ollowing steps to generate a new mu ltitone w aveform with nine to nes. Durin g waveform generation, the M-TONE and I/ Q annunciators activate.
102 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary W aveform Generator Using the Dual ARB W ave form Playe r Playing a W aveform Y ou can play a waveform s equence or a wave form se gment us ing t his p roce d ure. Both wave f orm t ype s follow the same process. This example pl ays a waveform sequ ence.
Chapter 5 103 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using the Dual AR B W a veform Pl ayer Y ou have now changed the number of repetitions for each waveform segment entry from 1 to 100 and 200, respective ly . The sequence has b een stored un der a new name to the Catalo g of Seq Files in the signal g enerator’ s m emory catalog.
104 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary W aveform Generator Using W ave form Marke rs Using W av efor m Markers W aveform markers provid e auxiliary output signals that ar e synchronized with a waveform seg ment. Y ou can place up to four markers on a waveform se gment.
Chapter 5 105 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using W aveform Markers T o Place Repetitively Spaced Markers w ithin a W aveform Segment If you h ave not created a waveform s egment, com plete the steps in the previous sections, “Generating the First W aveform” on page 100 and “Creating the First W aveform Segmen t” on page 100 .
106 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary W aveform Generator Using W ave form Marke rs T o T oggle Mar kers in an Existing W a veform Sequence In a waveform seq uence, you can independently toggle the operating state of the markers on each wavefo rm segment.
Chapter 5 107 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using W aveform Markers T o T oggle Markers As Y ou Create a W aveform Sequence Y ou can combine waveform seg ments to create a wa veform s equence whil e independent ly togg ling the markers of each wavefor m segment.
108 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary W aveform Generator Using W ave form Marke rs W a veform Marker Concepts The Dual Arb mod e of the signal g enerator has fo ur markers that you can place on a waveform segment. Marker 1 and Marker 2 prov ide auxiliar y output sign als to the rear -panel EVENT 1 and EVENT 2 connectors, res pectively .
Chapter 5 109 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using W aveform Markers T a ble 5-2 Marker 2 and EVENT 2 Marker File Bit 2 W aveform po int n point n +1 point n +2 point n +3 .
110 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary W aveform Generator Using W ave form Marke rs A waveform seq uence comp rises waveform segm ents. When y ou combine segments to form a sequence, you can enable or disable Marker 1 and/ or Mar ker 2 on a s e gmen t-by -se g me nt basi s .
Chapter 5 111 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using W aveform T ri ggers Using W aveform T riggers The dual arbi trary wavef orm gener ator includes several dif fer ent trigge ring option s: sing le, gated, segment advance, and continuous .
112 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary W aveform Generator Using W aveform Clipp ing Using W aveform Clipping Clipping limit s power peaks in waveform segmen ts by clip ping the I and Q data to a selected percen tage of its highest peak. Circular clipping is defined as clipping the compos ite I/Q data (I and Q d ata are equally clipped).
Chapter 5 113 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using W a vefor m Cli ppi ng W a veform Clipping Concepts W avefor ms with high power peaks can caus e interm odulatio n distort ion, whic h genera tes spectral r egrowth (a condition that in terferes with signals in ad jacent frequency b ands).
114 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary W aveform Generator Using W aveform Clipp ing As show n i n F igure 5- 12 ., simultaneous positive and negative peaks in the I and Q waveforms do not cancel each other , but combine to cr eate an even greater peak.
Chapter 5 115 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using W a vefor m Cli ppi ng How Peaks Cause Spect ral Regrowth Because of the relative infrequency of high power peaks, a waveform will have a high peak-to-average powe r rat io (s e e Fi gure 5-13 ).
116 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary W aveform Generator Using W aveform Clipp ing How Clippi ng Reduces Pea k-to- A vera ge Power Y ou can reduce peak-to- average power , and consequently sp ectral reg rowth, by clipping t he waveform to a selected percentage of its peak pow er .
Chapter 5 117 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using W a vefor m Cli ppi ng Figure 5-16 Rectangul ar Clippi ng.
118 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary W aveform Generator Using W aveform Clipp ing Figure 5-17 Redu ction of Peak -to- A verage Powe r.
119 6 Custom A rb W a veform Generat or This chapter describes the Cu sto m Arb W aveform Ge nerato r mode which is available only in E826 7C PSG vector sign al generators .
120 Chapter 6 Custom Arb W aveform Gener ato r Over view Overview Custom Arb W aveform Generato r mode can produce a single modulated carrier or multiple modulate d carriers.
Chapter 6 121 Custom Arb Waveform Generator W orking w ith Predef ined Set ups (Mode s) W orking with Predefin ed Setups (Modes) When you select a predefined mo de, defa ult values for compone nts of the setup (in cluding the filte r , symbol rate, and modulation type) are autom atically specified.
122 Chapter 6 Custom Arb W aveform Gener ato r W or ki ng with User-De fin ed Setu ps (Modes)- Cust om Arb Only W orking with Use r-Defined Se tups (M odes) − Custom Arb Only Modifying a Si ngle-Car.
Chapter 6 123 Custom Arb Waveform Generator W orking with Us er-Define d Setups (Mod es)-Custom Arb Onl y Customizing a Multi carrier Se tup In th is proc edure, you learn how to cu stom ize a pred ef ined multicarrier di gital modulation set up by creatin g a custom 3-carrier E DGE digital modulation state.
124 Chapter 6 Custom Arb W aveform Gener ato r W or ki ng with User-De fin ed Setu ps (Modes)- Cust om Arb Only Recalling a User-Defined Custom Digital Modul ation State In this procedu re, you learn ho w to select (recall) a pr eviously stored custom digital modulation state from the Memory Catalog (the Catalog of DMO D Files ).
Chapter 6 125 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Wo r k i n g w i t h Fi l t er s W orking with Filters This secti on provi des informati on on us ing predefin ed ( page 126 ) and user -def ined ( page 127 ) FIR filters.
126 Chapter 6 Custom Arb W aveform Gener ato r Wo r k i n g w i t h Fi l t er s • Filt er A lph a enables you to adjust the f ilter alpha for a Ny quist or root Nyq uist filter . If a Gaussian filter is used, you will see Filter BbT ; this softkey is grayed out when any other filter is selected.
Chapter 6 127 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Wo r k i n g w i t h Fi l t er s Restoring D efault FIR Filt er Param eters 1. Preset the in strument: Press Pr eset . 2. Press Mode > Cus tom > ARB Wa veform Generator > Digit al Mo d Def ine > Fil ter > Re store Def ault Fil ter .
128 Chapter 6 Custom Arb W aveform Gener ato r Wo r k i n g w i t h Fi l t er s 7. Press Display Imp ulse Respon se . A graph d isplays the impulse respo nse of the current FIR coefficien ts. 8. Press Return . 9. High light coefficien t 15. 10. Pr ess 0 > Enter .
Chapter 6 129 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Wo r k i n g w i t h Fi l t er s T o Create a User -Defi ned FI R Fil ter wit h t he FIR V alues Edit or In this procedur e, you use th e FIR V alues editor to create and s tore an 8-symb ol, windowed, sinc functio n filter with an oversample ratio of 4.
130 Chapter 6 Custom Arb W aveform Gener ato r Wo r k i n g w i t h Fi l t er s 6. Use the n umeric keypad to type the first value ( − 0.000 076) fr om the foll owing ta ble and p ress Enter . As you press th e numeric keys, the n umbers are displayed in the active entry area.
Chapter 6 131 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Wo r k i n g w i t h Fi l t er s real-tim e waveform g eneration, and 512 symb ols for arbitrary w aveform gener ation. T he number of symbols equals the n umber of coef fici ents divided b y the oversam ple ratio.
132 Chapter 6 Custom Arb W aveform Gener ato r Wo r k i n g w i t h Fi l t er s.
Chapter 6 133 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Workin g wi th Sy mb o l Ra tes W orking with Sy mbol Rates The Symbol Rate menu enables you to set the rate at which I/Q symb ol s are fed to the I/Q modula tor . The default transmission sy m bol rate can also be restored in this menu.
134 Chapter 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Wor king with Sym bol Rates Modu latio n T y pe Bits Per Symbol Bit Rate = Symbols/s x Numbe r of Bits /Symbol Internal Symbol Rate (Minimum Maximum) Custom.
Chapter 6 135 Custom Arb Waveform Generator W orking with Symbol Rates QAM Quadrature Amplit ude Modulat ion 4QAM 2 90 bps − 100 Mb ps 45 s ps − 50 Msps 45 sps − 25 M sps 16QAM 4 180 bps − 200 Mbps 45 sps − 50 Msps 45 sps − 12 .
136 Chapter 6 Custom Arb W aveform Gener ato r W orking with Modulat ion T ypes W orking with M odulation T ypes The Modul ati on T ype menu enable s yo u to s pecify t h e ty pe of modulation applied to th e carrier signal wh en the Mod On Off hard key is on.
Chapter 6 137 Custom Arb Waveform Generator W orking with Mod ulation T ypes T o Use a User- Defined Modulation T ype (R eal Time I/Q Only) Creatin g a 128Q AM I/Q Modul ation T ype User F ile with the I/Q V alues Edit or In I/Q modulation schemes, sym bols appear in default positions in the I/Q plane.
138 Chapter 6 Custom Arb W aveform Gener ato r W orking with Modulat ion T ypes 4. Press Return > Goto Row > 0011 000 0 > Enter ; this is row 48. 5. Press the Delete R o w softkey 16 times. Repeat this pattern of steps using the following table: 6.
Chapter 6 139 Custom Arb Waveform Generator W orking with Mod ulation T ypes Creatin g a QPSK I/Q Mod ulatio n T ype User File with the I/ Q V a lues Edit or In I/Q modulation schemes, sym bols appear in default positions in the I/Q plane.
140 Chapter 6 Custom Arb W aveform Gener ato r W orking with Modulat ion T ypes 6. Press More (1 of 2 ) > Loa d/Store > Store T o File . If there is already a f ile name fr om the Catalo g of IQ F iles occupying the activ e entry area, press the followin g keys: Editing Keys > Cle ar T ext 7.
Chapter 6 141 Custom Arb Waveform Generator W orking with Mod ulation T ypes Creat ing an FS K Modulati on T ype User F ile with the Fre quency V alues Ed itor Use this procedure t o set the f requency devi ation for data 00 , 01 , 10 , and 11 to configure a user-def ined FSK modulati on.
142 Chapter 6 Custom Arb W aveform Gener ato r W orking with Modulat ion T ypes Modifyi ng a Pred efin ed FSK Mod ulat io n T ype User Fi le wit h the Fr eq uency V alues Edit o r Using th e Frequ ency Valu es editor , yo u can def ine, modify , and s tore user -defined frequency s hift keying modulat ion.
Chapter 6 143 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Conf igur ing H ar dwa re Configuring Hardw are • “T o Set the ARB Reference” see page 14 4 T o Set a Delayed, Positive Polarity , E xternal Single T .
144 Chapter 6 Custom Arb W aveform Gener ato r Configur ing Hardwar e 1 1. On the si gnal ge ner ator, press Mo de > Custom > Arb W aveform Ge nerator > Digital Mod ulation O ff On until On i s hi ghl ight ed. This generates a wavef orm with the custom multicarrier state and the displa y changes to D ig Mod Setup: Mul ticarrie r .
145 7 Custom Real Time I/Q Baseband This chapt er descri bes the Cus tom Real T ime I/Q Baseband mode which is available o nly in E82 67C PSG vector sign al generators .
146 Chapter 7 Custom Rea l Time I/Q Baseb and Over view Overview Custom Real T ime I/Q B aseband m ode can produ ce a singl e carrier , but it can be modu lated with real time data that allows real time control o v er all of the parameters that a ffect the signal.
Chapter 7 147 Custom R eal Time I/Q Ba seband Working w ith Da ta P atter ns W orking with Data Patterns This section provides inf orm atio n on the following: • “Using a Predefined Data Pattern.
148 Chapter 7 Custom Rea l Time I/Q Baseb and W orking with Data Patte rns Using a Pr edefined Data Patt ern Selecti n g a Predef ined P N Sequen ce Data P atter n 1. Press Pres et . 2. Press Mode > Cus tom > Real Time I/Q Baseba nd > Data > PN S eque nce .
Chapter 7 149 Custom R eal Time I/Q Ba seband Working w ith Da ta P atter ns Using a Us er-Def ined Data P atter n User Files (user- defined data pattern f iles) can be created an d modified usin g th.
150 Chapter 7 Custom Rea l Time I/Q Baseb and W orking with Data Patte rns 3. En ter the 3 2 bit values shown using the numeric key pad. Bit data is entered into the Bit Fi le Editor in 1- bit format.
Chapter 7 151 Custom R eal Time I/Q Ba seband Working w ith Da ta P atter ns Modifying an Existi ng Data Pattern User File In this example, you learn how to modify an existing data pattern user file by navigating to a particular bit position and changing its value.
152 Chapter 7 Custom Rea l Time I/Q Baseb and W orking with Data Patte rns Inverting t he Bit V alues of an Existi ng Data Patte rn User Fil e 1. Press 1011. This inverts the bit values that ar e posit ioned 4C through 4F . Notice that hex data in this row has now chan g ed to 76DB 6DB6 , as sh own i n the f oll ow ing figu r e.
Chapter 7 153 Custom R eal Time I/Q Ba seband Working wit h Burs t Sh ape s W orking with Burst S hapes • “Confi guring the Burst Ri se and Fall Parameters” on page 154 • “Using User -Define.
154 Chapter 7 Custom Rea l Time I/Q Baseb and Working wit h Burs t Sh ape s Burst shape maxim um rise and fall time v a lu es are affected by the f ollowing factors: • the symbol rat e • the modul.
Chapter 7 155 Custom R eal Time I/Q Ba seband Working wit h Burs t Sh ape s Using Us er-Def ined Bu rst Shap e Curve s Y ou can adjust the shape of the rise tim e curve and the fall time curve using the Rise Sh ape and Fa ll Shape ed itors. Each editor enables you to enter up to 256 val ues, equidis tant in tim e, to define the shape of the curve.
156 Chapter 7 Custom Rea l Time I/Q Baseb and Working wit h Burs t Sh ape s Figu re 7- 1 5. Press More (1 of 2 ) > Display B urst S hape . This displays a graphical rep resentation of the waveform’ s rise and fall characteristics.
Chapter 7 157 Custom R eal Time I/Q Ba seband Working wit h Burs t Sh ape s 7. En ter a file name (for ex ample, NEWBURST ) us ing the alph a keys and t he numeri c keypad. 8. Press Enter . The contents of the current Rise Sha pe and Fall Shap e editors are s tored to the Catalog of SHAPE F iles .
158 Chapter 7 Custom Rea l Time I/Q Baseb and Configur ing Hardwar e Configuring Hardw are • “T o Set the BBG Reference” on page 158 • “T o Set the External DA T A CLOCK to Receive In put as.
Chapter 7 159 Custom R eal Time I/Q Ba seband Conf igur ing H ar dwa re T o Set the External DA T A CLOCK to Receive Input as Either Normal or Symbol 1.
160 Chapter 7 Custom Rea l Time I/Q Baseb and W orking with Phase Pola rity W orking with Pha se Polarity T o Set Phase Polarity to Normal or Inverted 1. Press Mode > Cus tom > Real Time I/Q Baseba nd > More (1 of 3) > Phase Polarit y Norm a l Invert .
Chapter 7 161 Custom R eal Time I/Q Ba seband W orking wit h Differen tial Data Encoding symbols can be dif ferentially encoded duri ng the modulation process by assigni ng symbol table of fset values associated with each data value. Figure 7-3 shows the 4QAM mod ulation in the I/Q Val ues editor .
162 Chapter 7 Custom Rea l Time I/Q Baseb and Working with Differ entia l D ata En codi ng Differe ntial Da ta Enc o ding In real-time I/Q base band digita l modulati on waveforms , data (1’ s and 0’ s) are e ncoded, modu lated on to a carrier frequency and subsequen tly transmitted to a receiver .
Chapter 7 163 Custom R eal Time I/Q Ba seband W orking wit h Differen tial Data Encoding How Dif ferent ial Enc oding W orks Differen tial encoding empl oys of fset s in the s ymbol table to enco de us er-d efined modulation schemes.
164 Chapter 7 Custom Rea l Time I/Q Baseb and Working with Differ entia l D ata En codi ng When applied to the user-defined default 4QAM I/Q map, starting from the 1st symbol (data 00), the differ ential encoding trans itions for the d ata stream (in 2-bit symbols ) 001 1 100001 appear i n the pre vious illustration .
Chapter 7 165 Custom R eal Time I/Q Ba seband W orking wit h Differen tial Data Encoding Using Di fferenti al Encoding Differen tial encoding is a digital-encoding tech n ique that den otes a bi nary value by a signal change rather than a particular signal state.
166 Chapter 7 Custom Rea l Time I/Q Baseb and Working with Differ entia l D ata En codi ng Accessin g the Diff erent ial State M ap Edito r •P r e s s Conf igure D ifferen tial Encodin g .
Chapter 7 167 Custom R eal Time I/Q Ba seband W orking wit h Differen tial Data Encoding 4. Press 0 > Enter . This encodes the fourth symbol by add ing a sy mbol table of fset of 0. The sy mbol does not rotate through the state map when a data value of 1 1 is modulated.
168 Chapter 7 Custom Rea l Time I/Q Baseb and Working with Differ entia l D ata En codi ng.
169 8 Multitone W aveform Generator This chapter describes the Multitone mode, which is available only in E8267C PSG vector signal generators. This chapter i ncludes th e following major s ections: .
170 Chapter 8 Multitone Waveform Gener ator Over view Overview The multitone mode builds a waveform that has up to 64 CW signals, or tones. Us ing the Multit one Setup table ed itor , you can define, modify , and store waveforms for playback. Multitone waveforms are generated by the intern al I/Q baseban d generator .
Chapter 8 171 Multitone W aveform Generator Creating, V i ewing, and Optimi zing Multi tone W aveforms Creating, V iewing, and Optimizing Multitone W av eform s This section describes ho w to set up, generat e, and optimize a multitone waveform while v iewin g it wi th a spectrum analyzer .
172 Chapter 8 Multitone Waveform Gener ator Creatin g, V iewing, and Optim izing Mult itone W aveforms The multitone signal should be available at the sig nal generator RF OUTPUT connector . Figur e 8-2 on pag e 172 shows what the signal generator display sh ould look like after all steps have been completed.
Chapter 8 173 Multitone W aveform Generator Creating, V i ewing, and Optimi zing Multi tone W aveforms 7. S et the atte nuation t o 14 dB, so yo u’re not o ver driving the input m ixer on the spectrum an alyzer .
174 Chapter 8 Multitone Waveform Gener ator Creatin g, V iewing, and Optim izing Mult itone W aveforms 6. Press Edit I tem > -10 > dB . 7. Highl igh t the valu e ( 0 ) in the Phas e column for the tone in row 4. 8. Press Edit I tem > 123 > deg .
Chapter 8 175 Multitone W aveform Generator Creating, V i ewing, and Optimi zing Multi tone W aveforms Figu re 8- 5 T o Minimize Carrier Feedthrough This procedure describes h ow to minimize carr ier feed through and measur e the di ff erence in po wer between the tones and their intermodulatio n dis to rti on pro ducts .
176 Chapter 8 Multitone Waveform Gener ator Creatin g, V iewing, and Optim izing Mult itone W aveforms 4. Press Q Off set and turn the rotary knob to fur ther reduce the carrier feedthrough lev el. 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until you have reached the lowest possible carrier feedthrough level.
Chapter 8 177 Multitone W aveform Generator Creating, V i ewing, and Optimi zing Multi tone W aveforms T o Determine Peak to Average Characte ristics This procedure describ es how to s et the phases o.
178 Chapter 8 Multitone Waveform Gener ator Creatin g, V iewing, and Optim izing Mult itone W aveforms 10. Pr ess Done . 11 . P r e s s A pply Multitone . 12. Pr ess More (1 of 2 ) > W a veform Stat istics > P lot CCDF . Y ou should no w s ee a di spl ay that is s imi l ar to th e on e show n in Figur e 8 -8 .
179 9 T w o- T one W aveform Generator In the following s ections, this chapter des cribes the T wo T one mode, which is av ailable only in E8267C PSG vector sign al generators .
180 Chapter 9 Tw o - To n e W a v e f o r m G e n e r a t o r Over view Overview The two-tone mode builds a waveform that has tw o equal-powered CW sig n a ls, or to nes .
Chapter 9 181 T wo - T one W aveform G enerato r Creating, V ie wing, and M odifying T wo- T one W aveform s Creating, Viewing, and Modifying T wo- T one W aveforms This secti on descri bes how to s et up, gener ate, and mod ify a two -tone wavefor m while v iewing it wi th a spectrum analyzer .
182 Chapter 9 Tw o - To n e W a v e f o r m G e n e r a t o r Creating, V iewing, and Modifying T wo- T one W aveforms Figu re 9- 2 T o V iew a T wo- T one W aveform This proced ure des cri bes h ow to conf igure t he spectr um analyzer to v iew a two-to ne wave form and its IMD products.
Chapter 9 183 T wo - T one W aveform G enerato r Creating, V ie wing, and M odifying T wo- T one W aveform s Figu re 9- 3 Carrier Feed through Inter modulati on Distor tion T wo-T one Channels Carrier.
184 Chapter 9 Tw o - To n e W a v e f o r m G e n e r a t o r Creating, V iewing, and Modifying T wo- T one W aveforms T o Minimize Carrier Feedthrough This procedure describes h ow to minimize carr ier feed through and measur e the di ff erence in po wer between the tones and th eir in te rmod ulat i on dis t orti on prod ucts .
Chapter 9 185 T wo - T one W aveform G enerato r Creating, V ie wing, and M odifying T wo- T one W aveform s Figu re 9- 4 Minimized Delta Marker Main Marker Carrier Feed thr ough.
186 Chapter 9 Tw o - To n e W a v e f o r m G e n e r a t o r Creating, V iewing, and Modifying T wo- T one W aveforms T o Change the Alignment of a T wo- T one W aveform This procedure describes how to align a two-tone waveform left or right, relative to the center carrier freque ncy .
187 10 T roubleshooting This chapt er pro vides basic trou bleshoo ting inform ation for A gilent PS G signal gen erators. If you do n ot find a soluti on here, refer t o the Service Guide . NOTE If the sign al generator disp lays an error , always read the error message tex t by pres sing Utility > Error Info .
188 Chapter 10 T rouble shooti ng.
Chapter 1 0 189 T rouble shooti ng RF Output Power Problems RF Output Power Problem s Check the RF ON/O FF annunciator on the display . If it reads RF OFF , p ress RF On/Off to toggle the RF output on. RF Output Power too Low 1. Lo ok for an OFFS or REF indicator in the AMP LITUD E area of the display .
190 Chapter 10 T rouble shooti ng RF Output Power Proble ms Signal Loss While Working with a Mixer If you experience signal loss at the signal ge nerato r ’ s RF output during low-amplitude cou pled oper atio n with a mixer , you can solv e the problem by adding at tenuation and increasing t he RF output amplitude of the signal g enerator .
Chapter 1 0 191 T rouble shooti ng RF Output Power Problems Figure 1 0-2 Reverse P o wer Sol ut i on Compared to the original config uration, the ALC level is 10 dB high er while th e attenuato r reduces the LO feedthro ugh (and the RF output of the si gnal gener ator) by 1 0 dB.
192 Chapter 10 T rouble shooti ng RF Output Power Proble ms Signal Loss W hile Working with a Spectrum Analyzer The ef fects of revers e power can cause problems with the signal generator’ s RF output w hen the signal generator is used with a spectrum anal yzer th at does n ot hav e preselection capability .
Chapter 1 0 193 T rouble shooti ng No Modulation at the RF Outpu t There are three p ower search modes: m anual, automatic, and s pan. When Power Sea rch is s et to Manual, pressin g Do Pow er Se arch executes the power s ear ch calibratio n routine for the current RF frequency and amplitude.
194 Chapter 10 T rouble shooti ng Sweep Problems Sweep Pr oblems Sweep Appears to be St alled The current status of the sweep is indicated as a s had ed rectangle in the pro gress bar . Y ou can observe the progress bar to determine if the sweep is p rogressing.
Chapter 1 0 195 T rouble shooti ng Sweep Problems Incorrect List Swee p Dwell Time If the signa l generator d oes not dwell for the correct per iod of time at each sweep list point, follow these steps: 1. Press Sweep /List > C onfig ure Lis t Sweep .
196 Chapter 10 T rouble shooti ng Data Storage Probl ems Data Storage Problem s Registers With Previously Stored Instrument States are Empty The save/recall regist ers are backed-up by a battery when line power to the sig nal gene rator is n ot connected.
Chapter 1 0 197 T rouble shooti ng Cannot T urn Off Help Mode Cannot T urn Off Help Mo de 1. Press Utili ty > Instrument Info/Hel p Mode 2. Press Help Mo de Sing le Cont until Single is highlighted. The sig nal generator has two he lp mode s; sing le and cont inuous.
198 Chapter 10 T rouble shooti ng Signal Generator Locks Up Signal Generat or Locks Up If the signa l generator is locked up, check the following: • Make sure that the signal generator is not in remote mode (in remote mode, the R ann unciator app ears on the disp lay).
Chapter 1 0 199 T rouble shooti ng Signal Generator Locks Up 3. Release the Pr eset key . 4. T o continu e with the sequence, press Continue (to abort with n o lost files, press Abort ). 5. W hen the sequen ce concludes: a. Cycle power . Cycling power restores all previous ly installed options .
200 Chapter 10 T rouble shooti ng Error Me ssages Error Messa ges If an error condition occurs in the signal generator , it is reported to both the front panel display error queue and the SCPI (rem ote interface) error q ueue.
Chapter 1 0 201 T rouble shooti ng Error Messag es Error Message Format When accessing error messages th rough the fro nt panel display error queue, the erro r numbers, messages and descrip tions are display ed on an enum erated (“1 of N”) basis. Error messages appear in the lower -lef t corner of the d isplay as they occur .
202 Chapter 10 T rouble shooti ng Error Me ssages Error Messag e T ypes Events do not generat e more th an one type of error . For example, an event that gen erates a query er ror will not generate a de vice-specific, execution, or command error .
Chapter 1 0 203 T rouble shooti ng Returnin g a Signal Gene rator to Agilent T echnologies Returning a S ignal Generator to A gilent T ec hnologies T o return your sig nal ge n erator to Agilent T echnolo gies, follow these steps: 1.
204 Chapter 10 T rouble shooti ng Returni ng a Signal Ge nerator to Ag ilent T echnol ogies.
Ind ex 205 Index Symbols Φ M, 81 Numerics 10 MHz connectors, 24 128QAM I/Q modulation, creating, 137 1410, appl ic a tion n ote , 170 , 180 A AC power receptacle, 18 ACP, 126 , 15 4 active entry area.
Index 206 Index continuo us list sweep, 36 step sweep, 33 wave RF out put, 28 contrast ad justmen ts (disp l a y) , 11 correction array (user flatness) configur ation, 66 load from s tep array, 66 vie.
Ind ex 207 Index front p anel descr iption, 6 – 16 FSK files, 52 modulation, 136 , 141 , 142 G GA TE/PULSE/TRIGGER INPUT con nector, 10 Gaussian filter, selecting, 126 Goto Ro w soft key, 27 GPIB, 1.
Index 208 Index microwave amplifier, 47 mixer , signal loss while using, 190 mm-wave source mo dule extending frequency range with, 47 leveling with, 63 user flatness cor rection array , creating, 69 – 75 mod on/ off, 9 , 15 mode l s, si gn al gen era tor , 2 modes of operatio n, 5 modulation amplitude.
Ind ex 209 Index rectangular clipping , 11 2 reference amplitude, setting, 30 frequency , setting, 29 oscillato r bandwidth, adjust ing, 76 regist ers, 54 , 55 remote con trol, 69 remote operation ann.
Index 210 Index user -defined burst shape curves, 155 data patterns, 149 files, 52 filters, 127 , 129 modulat i on type custom arb , 122 real time I/Q, 137 , 165 V vector PSG features, 4 VIDEO OUT con.
Ein wichtiger Punkt beim Kauf des Geräts Agilent Technologies E8247C PSG CW (oder sogar vor seinem Kauf) ist das durchlesen seiner Bedienungsanleitung. Dies sollten wir wegen ein paar einfacher Gründe machen:
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